Staphylococcus agnetis sp. nov., a coagulase-variable species from bovine subclinical and mild clinical mastitis

Taponen, Suvi; Supré, K.; Piessens, Veerle; Coillie, Els Van; Vliegher, Sarne De; Koort, Joanna

doi:10.1099/ijs.0.028365-0

Cited by 71 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…The data presented here demonstrate that although the overall prevalence of coagulase-positive S. agnetis was determined to be low, it can be prevalent among CPS isolated from milk in some herds and could be confused with S. aureus, especially since the majority of isolates clotted rabbit plasma after 4 h of incubation similar to S. aureus and differently from the delayed coagulation typically described for S. hyicus (5,10). Misclassification could impact management decisions, such as unnecessary culling based on the belief that the cow has S. aureus and is a contagious reservoir for infection of other cows.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…In the original description of S. agnetis, 13 isolates originating from 13 cows on 8 dairies in southern Finland were characterized, including 12 isolates from bovine subclinical or mild clinical mastitis and one isolate from a teat apex (10). Of those original 13 S. agnetis isolates, 3 isolates were found to have a delayed coagulase-positive reaction, and the remaining 10 isolates were coagulase negative.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the usefulness of 16S rRNA gene sequencing is limited when applied to certain staphylococcal species because of the high degree of similarity between closely related species (15,16). For example, 16S rRNA gene sequences of S. agnetis isolates were found to exhibit 99.7% identity to S. hyicus ATCC 11249 T and 99.1% identity to S. chromogenes ATCC 43764 (10). Using the recommended cutoff value of 98.7% to differentiate a species (17), these results would be inconclusive.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prior to 1986, Staphylococcus chromogenes and S. hyicus were not recognized as different staphylococcal species (11), and phenotypic classification methods, such as API 20 (API test; bioMérieux, Hazelwood, MO, USA), have been shown to have low specificity for detecting S. hyicus (12). Only since 2012 has S. agnetis been recognized as a species and mastitis agent (10); thus, prior to this date, most coagulasepositive non-aureus Staphylococcus spp. were likely classified as S. hyicus.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Staphylococcus agnetis is a newly described species that is genetically very similar to S. hyicus, making it difficult to differentiate from S. hyicus with routine phenotypic and genotypic tests. It was first reported in 2012 associated with subclinical and mild clinical bovine mastitis (10).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Species Identification and Strain Typing of Staphylococcus agnetis and Staphylococcus hyicus Isolates from Bovine Milk by Use of a Novel Multiplex PCR Assay and Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis

et al. 2017

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Staphylococcus hyicus and Staphylococcus agnetis are two coagulasevariable staphylococcal species that can be isolated from bovine milk and are difficult to differentiate. The objectives of this study were to characterize isolates of bovine milk origin from a collection that had previously been characterized as coagulase-positive S. hyicus based on phenotypic species identification methods and to develop a PCR-based method for differentiating S. hyicus, S. agnetis, and Staphylococcus aureus. Isolates (n ϭ 62) were selected from a previous study in which milk samples were collected from cows on 15 dairy herds. Isolates were coagulase tested and identified to the species level using housekeeping gene sequencing. A multiplex PCR to differentiate S. hyicus, S. agnetis, and S. aureus was developed. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was conducted to strain type the isolates. Based on gene sequencing, 44/62 of the isolates were determined to be either S. agnetis (n ϭ 43) or S. hyicus (n ϭ 1). Overall, 88% (37/42) of coagulase-positive S. agnetis isolates were found to be coagulase positive at 4 h. The herd-level prevalence of coagulasepositive S. agnetis ranged from 0 to 2.17%. Strain typing identified 23 different strains. Six strains were identified more than once and from multiple cows within the herd. Three strains were isolated from cows at more than one time point, with 41 to 264 days between samplings. These data suggest that S. agnetis is likely more prevalent on dairy farms than S. hyicus. Also, some S. agnetis isolates in this study appeared to be contagious and associated with persistent infections.KEYWORDS Staphylococcus, cattle, milk S taphylococci are the most common bacteria isolated from the cow's mammary gland and are frequently associated with subclinical or mild clinical mastitis (1-3). Staphylococci can be differentiated into groups using the coagulase test. Hemolytic coagulase-positive isolates are often presumptively identified as Staphylococcus aureus, a so-called "major" contagious mastitis pathogen, and coagulase-negative staphylococci are frequently grouped together as "minor" pathogens (4).Currently, there are two coagulase-variable staphylococcal species that have been associated with bovine mastitis, Staphylococcus hyicus and Staphylococcus agnetis. Staphylococcus hyicus was the first staphylococcal species to be described as coagulase variable, with coagulase production being found in approximately 24 to 56% of strains (5). The coagulation reaction of S. hyicus was described as often having weak activity,

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Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Species Identification and Strain Typing of Staphylococcus agnetis and Staphylococcus hyicus Isolates from Bovine Milk by Use of a Novel Multiplex PCR Assay and Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis

et al. 2017

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Comparative genomic and transcriptomic analyses of NaCl-tolerant Staphylococcus sp. OJ82 isolated from fermented seafood

Choi

Jung

Jeon

et al. 2013

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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Bacteria belonging to the Staphylococcus genus reside in various natural environments; however, only disease-associated Staphylococcus strains have received attention while ecological function and physiologies of non-pathogenic strains were often neglected. Because high level of tolerance against NaCl is a common trait of Staphylococcus, we investigated the characteristics of halotolerance in Staphylococcus sp. OJ82 isolated from fermented seafood containing a high concentration of NaCl. Among the 292 isolates screened, OJ82 showed the highest β-galactosidase and extracellular protease activities under high-salt conditions. Comparative genomic analysis with other Staphylococcus strains showed that (a) replication origins are highly conserved, (b) the OJ82 strain has a high number of amino acid transport- and metabolism-related genes, and (c) OJ82 has many unique proteins (15 %) and 12 prophage-related genomic islands. RNA-seq analysis under high-salt conditions showed that genes involved in cell membranes, transport, osmotic stress, ATP synthesis, and translation are highly expressed. OJ82 may use the ribulose monophosphate pathway to detoxify some toxic intermediates under high-salt conditions. Six new and three known non-coding small RNAs of the OJ82 strain were also found in the RNA-seq analysis. Genomic and transcriptomic analyses identified target β-galactosidase and extracellular protease. Interestingly, the OJ82 strain became resistant to bacteriocin produced by the Bacillus strain only under high-salt conditions. Our data showed that the OJ82 strain adapted to high-salt conditions by expressing core cellular processes (translation, ATP production) and defense genes (membrane synthesis, compatible solute transports, ribulose monophosphate pathway) could survive bacteriocin exposure under high-salt conditions.

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Bacterial diseases in poultry

Thøfner

Christensen

2021

Advancements and Technologies in Pig and Poultry Bacterial Disease Control

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Staphylococcus agnetis sp. nov., a coagulase-variable species from bovine subclinical and mild clinical mastitis

Cited by 71 publications

References 31 publications

Species Identification and Strain Typing of Staphylococcus agnetis and Staphylococcus hyicus Isolates from Bovine Milk by Use of a Novel Multiplex PCR Assay and Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis

Species Identification and Strain Typing of Staphylococcus agnetis and Staphylococcus hyicus Isolates from Bovine Milk by Use of a Novel Multiplex PCR Assay and Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis

Comparative genomic and transcriptomic analyses of NaCl-tolerant Staphylococcus sp. OJ82 isolated from fermented seafood

Bacterial diseases in poultry

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