Staphylococcus aureus Among Athletes In Zakho City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq: Nasal Carriage Rate, Risk Factors, and Antibiotic Sensitivity Profile

Abduljabar, Sabriya Saadi; Naqid, Ibrahim A.

doi:10.25271/sjuoz.2022.10.3.929

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Antibiotic resistance is rising to dangerously high levels worldwide (Hussein et al, 2015;Assafi et al, 2017;Abduljabar and Naqid, 2022). Taha et al (2019) and Chen et al (2022) found that S. lugdunensis isolates had high susceptibility to most antibiotics, which agrees with our study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Nasal carriage rate and associated risk factors of Staphylococcus lugdunensis isolated from healthy people in the Duhok-Kurdistan region of Iraq

Khudhur, P. A.,

Assafi, M. S.

2023

MJM

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Aims:The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence, antibiogram and associated risk factors of Staphylococcus lugdunensis among healthy people. Methodology and results: A total of 200 nasal samples were collected from participants. The swabs were cultured on mannitol salt agar and incubated at 37 °C for 24 h. Isolates were diagnosed based on phenotypic, biochemical reactions and molecular methods. All identified isolates were screened for susceptibility to ten different antibiotics. Based on Gram stain and biochemical tests, 65 out of 200 (32.5%) were identified as S. lugdunensis. Twenty-nine of 65 (34.5%) were from males and 36 of 65 (31%) were from females (p=0.603). The highest prevalence was observed in the age group of 31-40 years (40%; 16/41) and the least prevalence rate was among the age group of ≥51 (15.4%; 2/13) (p=0.533). No statistically significant difference in the prevalence of S. lugdunensis was observed among people according to their family member size (p=0.472). Additionally, a slight difference in the carriage rate of S. lugdunensis was observed among the people who had Coronavirus disease (Covid-19) infection (31%) and the people who had no previous infection with it (33.6%) (p=0.697). Also, no statistically significant difference (p=0.992) in the nasal carriage rate of S. lugdunensis was observed among smokers (32.5%; 12/37) and nonsmokers (32.5%; 53/163). All isolates were 100% susceptible to doxycycline, linezolid and chloramphenicol; 99% to oxacillin; 92% to ciprofloxacin; 91% to amikacin; 89% to nitrofurans and vancomycin; 83% to meropenem; and 75% to erythromycin. Also, 15.4% of the isolates were multidrug resistant. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: Results revealed that the prevalence of nasal S. lugdunensis was high among people with no specific associated risk factor. Also, a high rate of antibiotic resistance was observed with a high rate of multidrug resistance. Hence, education programs and improving hygienic measures are necessary to prevent the spread of multidrug resistance to S. lugdunensis. This can help as an effective measure to control bacterial infections.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Nasal carriage rate and associated risk factors of Staphylococcus lugdunensis isolated from healthy people in the Duhok-Kurdistan region of Iraq

Khudhur, P. A.,

Assafi, M. S.

2023

MJM

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“…Antibiotic resistance rate changes according to geographical areas due to presence of different strains in different regions of the world and variation in antibiotic use [11]. Resistance pattern of pathogens to antibiotics are continuously changing [9,[12][13][14]. Antibiotic resistance is an important medical problem and one of the World Health Organization (WHO) priorities because there is an increasing trend of antibiotic resistance world-wide making it harder to eliminate uropathogens from urinary tract which end up with longer illness and mortality rates [15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Resistance Rates in Gram-positive Uropathogens in Duhok city, Kurdistan Region of Iraq

Mohamed

2023

Preprint

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BackgroundUrinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common infections world-wide. Antibiotic resistance is an important medical problem because there is an increasing trend of antibiotic resistance worldwide making it harder to eliminate uropathogens. Antibiotic resistance shows a geographical variation. Hence, local studies are necessary to determine prevalence of uroptahogens among UTI patients. Thus, this study was conducted to determine prevalence of uropathogens among UTI patients and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern from the data of 12 years period from 2010 to 2022 in Duhok Province, Kurdistan Region, IraqMaterials and methodsThis study was conducted by retrieving 12-year laboratory records between 2010–2022. data were collected from Azadi teaching hospital in Duhok city in Kurdistan region in northern Iraq. uropathogen species were identified by routine laboratory methods. Antimicrobial sensitivity testing was performed manually and by Vitek-2 automated susceptibility system.ResultsThe results of gram-positive urine pathogens of 249 patients showed Staphylococcus haemolyticus (20.9%) was the most common isolated pathogen, followed by staphylococcus aureus (7.6%), Streptococcus Agalactiae (6.4%) and Enterococcus spp. (6%). S. haemolyticus had highest resistance to nitrofurantoin (61.5%) and lowest amikacin (34.3%). S. aureus showed highest resistance to penicillin 73.3% and highest sensitivity to amikacin (78.9%).in our study, Streptococcus agalactiae had the highest sensitivity to vancomycin (%87.5). 93.3% of enterococcus spp. were resistant to tetracycline.ConclusionUTIs are more common in female than in male and coagulase-negative Staph species (Staphylococcus spp) are the most commonly isolated pathogens. This study found antimicrobial resistance to commonly prescribed antibiotics are high. Hence, an urgent plan to control antimicrobial resistance is necessary in our area.

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“…Many studies have been conducted in Kurdistan Iraq about sexually transmitted diseases including infection causing problem in Genital tract[20>–24] but there is no study about pornography. Despite the increase in pornography consumption during the last decade, pornography viewing differs in accordance with gender and age group [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rate of rape and violence in the world also increase in those consuming pornography about 30% (10). The rate of sexually transmitted diseases and hepatitis virus in the world including Iraq also increases among different age groups and gender [14][15][16][17][18][19] Many studies have been conducted in Kurdistan Iraq about sexually transmitted diseases including infection causing problem in Genital tract [20][21][22][23][24] but there is no study about pornography. Despite the increase in pornography consumption during the last decade, pornography viewing differs in accordance with gender and age group [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender differences in Pornography Use and Associated Factors among high school students: A Cross-Sectional Study

Mahmood

Abdulqadir

Khalid

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background and aim: The pornography consuming is increasing through the availability of the internet worldwide and the availability of the pornographic sites without any restriction, pornographic sites have many complications in the consumer and lacking survey in our country which make sense to conduct this study. This study aimed to measure the prevalence of pornography watching among high school students and factors associated with pornography viewing. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Zakho independent administration, Kurdistan Region, Iraq among 5 different high school students and 2 institutions. This survey was conducted using a paper questionnaire administered to the participants between April and July 2022. Chi-square analysis was performed to identify possible risk factors for viewing porn and results were expressed as a p value Results: Total number of the participants included in this study was 921 with an average age of 16.78 years. More than half of participants was male (54.83%), viewed pornography alone (49.08%) and about 69.71% disagree on watching porn. There were statistically significant differences (p <0.001) in the attitude and practice of men compared with women throughout all tested variables. About 50.71% of the participants were viewed pornography at least once in a lifetime, among those 65.1% are male and 34.9% of them are female and 92.55% of participants agree to close pornography sites Conclusion: The prevalence of pornography among high school students is high. Young age, and male gender are predictors for higher pornography viewing and should be considered when designing public health intervention in a related context. Longitudinal studies for investigating pornography consumption among different educational levels are needed to assess the causal relationship between pornography consumption and associated factors.

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Staphylococcus aureus Among Athletes In Zakho City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq: Nasal Carriage Rate, Risk Factors, and Antibiotic Sensitivity Profile

Cited by 4 publications

References 25 publications

Nasal carriage rate and associated risk factors of Staphylococcus lugdunensis isolated from healthy people in the Duhok-Kurdistan region of Iraq

Nasal carriage rate and associated risk factors of Staphylococcus lugdunensis isolated from healthy people in the Duhok-Kurdistan region of Iraq

Antimicrobial Resistance Rates in Gram-positive Uropathogens in Duhok city, Kurdistan Region of Iraq

Gender differences in Pornography Use and Associated Factors among high school students: A Cross-Sectional Study

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