Staphylococcus aureus colonization and nosocomial infections: Implications for prevention

Polgreen, Philip M.; Herwaldt, Loreen A.

doi:10.1007/s11908-004-0062-x

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…These results support the idea that closely monitoring MRSA colonization reduces MRSA-BSI incidence. 5,52 In our experience, when the Iberian clone outbreak was closely monitored in the first period, the incidence of MRSA-BSI dropped significantly. This was due, at least partially, to the implementation of a MRSA control program based on active surveillance, contact precautions for colonized patients, and decontamination with nasal 2% mupirocin ointment and chlorhexidine baths in all asymptomatic carriers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Epidemiology of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Bloodstream Infection

et al. 2011

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bloodstream infection (BSI) is a cause of concern in health systems all over the world, due to the high incidence rates and the associated undesirable outcomes. In our tertiary 900-bed university hospital, all episodes of MRSA-BSI have been prospectively followed up since the identification of the first episode in 1990. We conducted the current study to report changes in the epidemiology of MRSA-BSI over the 19-year period between 1990 and 2008, comparing 4 periods (1990-1994, 1995-1999, 2000-2004, and 2005-2008). Overall, 524 patients developed MRSA-BSI. Cumulative incidence was 10.0 episodes/100,000 patient days (range, 1.3-17.4). Although no trend in the incidence rate was observed between the 4 consecutive periods, significant upward trends in patient age and comorbidities, health care acquisition, and non-intravascular catheter source were all identified (p < 0.05). While the Iberian clone (ST247/SCCmecI) was dominant during the first and second periods, almost all the strains isolated in the subsequent periods belonged to Clonal Complex 5 (ST125/SCCmecIV and ST228/SCCmecI). A significant downward trend in vancomycin geometric minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was also observed from 2.04 mg/L to 0.88 mg/L, coinciding with the clonal replacement and the reduction in the hospital vancomycin prescription. Therefore, no MRSA vancomycin MIC creep was observed since higher MICs were associated with strains belonging to the Iberian clone. Glycopeptides were the most frequently used antibiotics for MRSA-BSI during all 4 periods. No differences in MRSA-BSI outcomes were found, and the mortality rate at 30 days was close to 29% in each of the 4 periods. In conclusion, we identified significant changes in demographic and clinical characteristics and in the molecular epidemiology of MRSA-BSI during the study period, but found no significant trends in cumulative incidence or in overall mortality rate.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Epidemiology of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Bloodstream Infection

et al. 2011

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“…This organism causes a broad range of conditions, ranging from asymptomatic colonization to severe invasive infections which can progress to complicated septicemia, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, or endocarditis [1,2]. S. aureus is a major cause of nosocomial infections and is responsible for significant morbidity, mortality, and an extended hospital stay [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid nanostructured coating for increased resistance of prosthetic devices to staphylococcal colonization

Anghel

Grumezescu

2013

Nanoscale Res Lett

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Prosthetic medical device-associated infections are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality rates. Novel improved materials and surfaces exhibiting inappropriate conditions for microbial development are urgently required in the medical environment. This study reveals the benefit of using natural Mentha piperita essential oil, combined with a 5 nm core/shell nanosystem-improved surface exhibiting anti-adherence and antibiofilm properties. This strategy reveals a dual role of the nano-oil system; on one hand, inhibiting bacterial adherence and, on the other hand, exhibiting bactericidal effect, the core/shell nanosystem is acting as a controlled releasing machine for the essential oil. Our results demonstrate that this dual nanobiosystem is very efficient also for inhibiting biofilm formation, being a good candidate for the design of novel material surfaces used for prosthetic devices.

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“…Госпитальными же называют любые инфекции, развившиеся в связи с госпитализацией либо посещением учреждения здравоохранения с целью лечения в срок не менее чем через 48 часов с момента госпитализации либо посещения [10]. При этом необходимо иметь в виду возможность колонизации кожных покровов и слизистых оболочек пациента госпитальными штаммами S. aureus в ходе предыдущей госпитализации; в этом случае де-факто внегоспитальные стафилококковые инфекции могут в действительности быть вызваны госпитальными штаммами золотистого стафилококка [11]. Наоборот, стафилококковые инфекции, формально являющиеся госпитальными, могут быть связаны с аутоинфицированием внегоспитальной флорой, персистирующей на кожных покровах и слизистых госпитализированных пациентов [12].…”

Section: материал и методыunclassified

Comparative antibiotic resistance of S. aureus strains isolated in surgical and therapeutic departments of hospitals

Zhyltsou

Викторович²

2020

Science and Innovations in Medicine

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Objectives - to identify the characteristics of resistance of clinical isolates of S. aureus, obtained in hospitals of various specialization, to beta-lactam antibiotics, and to improve recommendations for empirical etiotropic therapy prescribed to patients with staphylococcal infections. Materials and methods. The subject of the study is the clinical isolates of S. aureus received from patients hospitalized to Vitebsk Regional Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital "therapeutic" isolates, n=117) and purulent surgery departments and intensive care units of Vitebsk Regional Clinical Hospital ("surgical" isolates, n=111) in 2016-2017 years. Methods for the study of antibiotic resistance of clinical isolates of S. aureus: disk diffusion method, method for determining the beta-lactamase activity of bacterial suspension using the "BioLactam" test system. Results. It was found, that 80.6% of the therapeutic isolates and 73.2% of the surgical isolates were resistant to the 1st generation penicillins. 5.4% of therapeutic isolates and 34% of surgical isolates were resistant to inhibitor-protected beta-lactams. 36.8% of surgical isolates and no therapeutic isolates were resistant to cephalosporins of the 3rd generation. No MRSA were detected among the therapeutic isolates, and among the surgical isolates the prevalence of MRSA was 30.5%. 93.3% of therapeutic isolates of S. aureus did not show any beta-lactamase activity. Among surgical isolates there were only 34.4% of such isolates. Direct Spearman's correlations of moderate strength were revealed between the levels of beta-lactamase activity of S. aureus isolates, the duration of hospitalization and febrile period, as well as between the isolation of MRSA and the duration of hospitalization, fever and diarrheal syndrome. Conclusion. The use of inhibitor-protected penicillins and 3rd generation cephalosporins is recommended for empirical antibiotic therapy of "therapeutic" infections caused by S. aureus. Reserve antibiotics with selective antistaphylococcal activity (such as glycopeptides or oxazolidinones) are required for empirical antibacterial therapy of staphylococcal infections in surgical departments and resuscitation units

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Staphylococcus aureus colonization and nosocomial infections: Implications for prevention

Cited by 8 publications

References 87 publications

Epidemiology of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Bloodstream Infection

Epidemiology of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Bloodstream Infection

Hybrid nanostructured coating for increased resistance of prosthetic devices to staphylococcal colonization

Comparative antibiotic resistance of S. aureus strains isolated in surgical and therapeutic departments of hospitals

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