Staphylococcus aureus: Determinants of human carriage

Sollid, Johanna U. E.; Furberg, Anne‐Sofie; Hanssen, Anne Merethe; Johannessen, Mona

doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2013.03.020

Cited by 203 publications

(215 citation statements)

References 152 publications

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“…Two samples were collected over a 6-week period from each subject and grouped by carriage state into noncolonizers (both samples S. aureus negative), intermittent colonizers (one sample positive/one sample negative), and long-term colonizers (both samples positive). Since the sampling occurred only over a 6-week period and only two samples were obtained, we could not designate these long-term colonizers as persistently colonized, which are defined as S. aureus culture-positive nasal swabs collected on 5 to 10 separate occasions during a 6-month period, and subjects are labeled as persistent carriers if Ͼ80% of the cultures are positive (36)(37)(38). In our studies with S. aureus, we found that 68% of patients were noncolonizers, 17% were intermittent colonizers, and 15% were long-term colonizers (data not shown).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) and IL-17F Are Critical for Antimicrobial Peptide Production and Clearance of Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Colonization

et al. 2016

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g Approximately 20% of the population is persistently colonized by Staphylococcus aureus in the nares. Th17-like immune responses mediated by the interleukin-17 (IL-17) family of cytokines and neutrophils are becoming recognized as relevant host defense mechanisms for resolution of S. aureus mucocutaneous infections. Since antimicrobial peptides are regulated by the IL-17 cytokines, we sought to determine the role of IL-17 cytokines in production of antimicrobial peptides in a murine model of S. aureus nasal carriage. We discovered that nasal tissue supernatants have antistaphylococcal activity, and mice deficient in both IL-17A and IL-17F lost the ability to clear S. aureus nasal colonization. IL-17A was found to be sufficient for nasal mBD-3 production ex vivo and was required for CRAMP, mBD-3, and mBD-14 expression in response to S. aureus colonization in vivo. These data were confirmed in a clinical study of nasal secretions in which elevated levels of the human forms of these antimicrobial peptides were found in nasal secretions from healthy human subjects when they were colonized with S. aureus but not in secretions from noncolonized subjects. Together, these data provide evidence for the importance of IL-17A regulation of antimicrobial peptides and IL-17F in the clearance of S. aureus nasal carriage.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) and IL-17F Are Critical for Antimicrobial Peptide Production and Clearance of Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Colonization

et al. 2016

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“…Interactions between commensal bacteria and the ability of Staphylococcus aureus to colonise the nasal cavity have been shown and provide evidence to support the concept of colonization resistance. 10 The study was challenged by being of a pragmatic design being undertaken in a clinical setting. The patients were heterogeneous with regard their underlying conditions and antibiotic regimens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic consumption and Enterobacteriaceae skin colonization in hospitalized adults

Kirby

Berry

West

2017

Journal of Hospital Infection

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Institution where work was done: University of Leeds SummaryEnterobacteriaceae are increasingly antibiotic resistant and skin colonization with Enterobacteriaceae may contribute to their spread in hospitals. We screened one hundred hospitalised adults for Enterobacteriaceae skin colonization and assessed potential risk factors, including antibiotic consumption. Multivariable analysis identified antibiotic consumption whilst an inpatient (odds ratio 3.16, 95% confidence interval 1.19 to 8.4) and being male (2.92, 1.06-8.4) were risk factors for Enterobacteriaceae skin colonization. These risk factors for Enterobacteriaceae skin colonization require confirmation. If these risk factors are confirmed, work to understand the biological mechanism involved may lead to the development of interventions to prevent Enterobacteriaceae skin colonization.

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“…aureus are Gram-positive cocci with the potential to cause serious infections including bacteremia, endocarditis, and pneumonia, as well as skin and soft tissue infections ranging from impetigo to necrotizing fasciitis. More than one-third of the general population is asymptomatically colonized with S. aureus on either a transient or persistent basis, most frequently in the nose, throat, and perineum [12][13][14]. These colonizers are frequently the source of host staphylococcal infections, and patients with positive nasal swabs for S. aureus are known to be at high risk of nosocomial and surgical site infections [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Smokers are more likely than nonsmokers to be colonized with S. aureus, defined as >500 colony forming units (CFU) detected, with rates of colonization increasing with duration and frequency of smoking [14,16,17]. Smokers have an increased incidence of invasive staphylococcal infections than nonsmokers and have higher mortality as well [17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Electronic (e)-Cigarette Vapor on Staphylococcal Virulence: Are E-Cigarettes Safer than Conventional Cigarettes?

Alexander¹,

Enany²,

McEachern³

2017

Frontiers in Staphylococcus Aureus

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In recent years, electronic (e)-cigarettes have dramatically increased in popularity as an alternative to conventional cigarettes. Little is known about the effects of e-cigarette vapor (EV) on bacteria that colonize the nasopharynx, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). As most cases of pneumonia can be traced to bacteria in a patient's nasopharynx, increased virulence in potential pathogens could have direct consequences clinically for these patients. And because bacterial colonizers are spread between humans, increased virulence in one subject has implications for the community. There is accumulating evidence that exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) increases the pathogenicity of MRSA, as well as its dampening effects on the host immune system. EV exposure has also been demonstrated to increase MRSA virulence both in vitro and in a murine model of pneumonia. In this chapter, we will compare the virulence changes reported in MRSA exposed to CS vs. those exposed to EV, as well as proposed mechanisms and therapeutic targets.

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Staphylococcus aureus: Determinants of human carriage

Cited by 203 publications

References 152 publications

Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) and IL-17F Are Critical for Antimicrobial Peptide Production and Clearance of Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Colonization

Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) and IL-17F Are Critical for Antimicrobial Peptide Production and Clearance of Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Colonization

Antibiotic consumption and Enterobacteriaceae skin colonization in hospitalized adults

Effects of Electronic (e)-Cigarette Vapor on Staphylococcal Virulence: Are E-Cigarettes Safer than Conventional Cigarettes?

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