Staphylococcus aureus with inducible clindamycin resistance and methicillin resistance in a tertiary hospital in Nepal

Thapa, Devi; Pyakurel, Susil; Thapa, Sangita; Lamsal, Suresh; Chaudhari, Milind; Adhikari, Nabaraj; Shrestha, D

doi:10.1186/s41182-021-00392-2

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Furthermore, we detected inducible clindamycin resistance in 40.77% of isolates, which is significantly higher in comparison with previously published reports [ 28 – 30 ], and in accordance with the previously published reports from Nepal [ 29 , 30 ], it was higher among MRSA isolates (42.5%) as compared to MSSA isolates (38.7%). With the emergence of resistance among S. aureus to multiple antibiotics, the use of reserve drugs (like the MLSB family) is being opted for the management of S. aureus infection.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Detection of Biofilm Production and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern among Clinically Isolated Staphylococcus aureus

Pokhrel,

Sharma,

Aryal

et al. 2024

Journal of Pathogens

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Aim. The increasing antibiotic resistance and the ability to form biofilms in medical devices have become the leading cause of severe infections associated with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Since the bacteria living in biofilms can exhibit 10- to 1,000-fold increase in antibiotic resistance and implicate chronic infectious diseases, the detection of S. aureus ability to form biofilms is of great importance for managing, minimizing, and effectively treating infections caused by it. This study aimed to compare the tube and tissue culture methods to detect biofilm production and antibiotic susceptibility in MRSA and MSSA. Materials and Methods. The S. aureus isolates were identified by the examination of the colony morphology, Gram staining, and various biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of all isolates was performed by the modified Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method as recommended by CLSI guidelines. MRSA screening was performed phenotypically using a cefoxitin disc (30 µg). Isolates were tested for inducible resistance using the D-test, and two phenotypic methods detected biofilm formation. Results. Among 982 nonrepeated clinical specimens, S. aureus was isolated from 103 (10.48%). Among 103 clinical isolates of S. aureus, 54 (52.42%) isolates were MRSA, and 49 (47.57%) were MSSA. Among 54 MRSA isolates, the inducible MLSB phenotype was observed in 23/54 (42.59%) with a positive D-test. By TCP method, 26 (48.1%) MRSA isolates were strong biofilm producers, whereas, among all MSSA isolates, only 6 (12.2%) were strong biofilm producers. Conclusion. MRSA showed strong biofilm production in comparison with MSSA. The TCP method is a recommended reliable method to detect the biofilm among S. aureus isolates, and the TM method could be useful for the screening of biofilm production in S. aureus in the routine clinical laboratory.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Detection of Biofilm Production and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern among Clinically Isolated Staphylococcus aureus

Pokhrel,

Sharma,

Aryal

et al. 2024

Journal of Pathogens

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“…The observed results were slightly higher in dogs than in cats. In both cases, this inducible phenotype was observed to a greater extent in infection-causing strains, which may lead to treatment failure due to the development of constitutive resistance [ 60 ]. Thus, all strains with a positive D-test should be reported as being resistant to clindamycin [ 67 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multidrug-Resistant Commensal and Infection-Causing Staphylococcus spp. Isolated from Companion Animals in the Valencia Region

Marco-Fuertes,

Marin,

Gimeno-Cardona

et al. 2024

Veterinary Sciences

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The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and multidrug resistance (MDR) among microorganisms to commonly used antibiotics is a growing concern in both human and veterinary medicine. Companion animals play a significant role in the epidemiology of AMR, as their population is continuously increasing, posing a risk of disseminating AMR, particularly to strains of public health importance, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus strains. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of AMR and MDR in commensal and infection-causing Staphylococcus spp. in dogs and cats in Valencia region. For this purpose, 271 samples were taken from veterinary centers to assess antimicrobial susceptibility against 20 antibiotics, including some of the most important antibiotics for the treatment of Staphylococcus infections, including the five last resort antibiotics in this list. Of all the samples, 187 Staphylococcus spp. strains were recovered from asymptomatic and skin-diseased dogs and cats, of which S. pseudintermedius (≈60%) was more prevalent in dogs, while S. felis (≈50%) was more prevalent in cats. In the overall analysis of the isolates, AMR was observed for all antibiotics tested, including those crucial in human medicine. Furthermore, over 70% and 30% of the strains in dogs and cats, respectively, exhibited MDR. This study highlights the significance of monitoring the trends in AMR and MDR among companion animals. The potential contribution of these animals to the dissemination of AMR and its resistance genes to humans, other animals, and their shared environment underscores the necessity for adopting a One Health approach.

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“…Since the effect of quinupristin-dalphopristin remains active even in methylase-producing staphylococci, testing for streptogramin B would be required to confirm the MLSB phenotype [ 54 ]. The MSSA2 also showed multidrug resistance (MDR), which is not rare worldwide [ 52 , 55 ]. However, none of the tested genes for MLS B resistance was detected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Quorum Sensing Molecule Farnesol on Mixed Biofilms of Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus

et al. 2023

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The natural bioactive molecule farnesol (FAR) is widely studied mainly for its antibiofilm and antimicrobial properties. In addition, it increases the effectiveness of some antimicrobial substances, which makes it interesting for the development of combined therapy. In the present work, the effect of FAR either alone or in combination with oxacillin (OXA) on mixed biofilms formed by clinically relevant pathogens, Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus, was studied. S. aureus isolates used for biofilm formation originated from blood cultures and central venous catheters (CVC) were characterized in terms of antimicrobial resistance. The minimal biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC50) for FAR of 48 h mixed biofilms formed by the C. albicans and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) was determined to be 125 μM, and for the mixed biofilms with methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was determined to be 250 μM. Treatment of mixed biofilms with OXA (2 mg/mL) showed ≤4% inhibition; however, the combination of OXA (2 mg/mL) and FAR (300 μM) resulted in 80% inhibition of biofilms. In addition, planktonic cells of S. aureus exhibited an increased susceptibility to OXA, cefoxitin and kanamycin in the presence of FAR (150 and 300 μM). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs confirmed patchy biofilm and lack of candidal hyphae in the samples treated with FAR and FAR/OXA in comparison to control and mixed biofilms treated only with OXA. Intriguingly, in a pilot experiment using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), considerable differences in activity (as indicated by ribosome content) of staphylococcal cells were detected. While the activity rate of the staphylococci in mixed biofilms treated with FAR was high, no FISH-positive signal for staphylococcal cells was found in the biofilm treated with FAR/OXA.

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Staphylococcus aureus with inducible clindamycin resistance and methicillin resistance in a tertiary hospital in Nepal

Cited by 17 publications

References 27 publications

Detection of Biofilm Production and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern among Clinically Isolated Staphylococcus aureus

Detection of Biofilm Production and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern among Clinically Isolated Staphylococcus aureus

Multidrug-Resistant Commensal and Infection-Causing Staphylococcus spp. Isolated from Companion Animals in the Valencia Region

Effect of Quorum Sensing Molecule Farnesol on Mixed Biofilms of Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus

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