Staphylococcus equorum subsp. linens, subsp. nov., A Starter Culture Component for Surface Ripened Semi-Hard Cheeses

Place, Raymond B; Hiestand, Daniel; Gallmann, Hans Rudolf; Teuber, Michael

doi:10.1078/072320203322337281

Cited by 107 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Comparing the results of the two commercial kits used, the VITEK 2 kit showed more misidentifications, mainly due to the limited database of gram-positive cocci (19 staphylococcal species) included in the ID-GBP card, whereas ID 32 Staph covers 24 Staphylococcus species. Beside the utmost importance of S. aureus identification, assured identification results, at least at the species level, are vital for differentiation of the expanding number of CoNS (sub)species increasingly characterized as emerging pathogens (22,40) and also recently recovered as food-fermenting microorganisms, which may have to be considered relevant to food safety and quality (27,28). Differentiation up to the species level may also have substantial consequences for the management of patients in the case of CoNS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Evaluation of a Quality-Controlled Ribosomal Sequence Database for 16S Ribosomal DNA-Based Identification of Staphylococcus Species

Becker¹,

et al. 2004

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To establish an improved ribosomal gene sequence database as part of the Ribosomal Differentiation of Microorganisms (RIDOM) project and to overcome the drawbacks of phenotypic identification systems and publicly accessible sequence databases, both strands of the 5 end of the 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) of 81 type and reference strains comprising all validly described staphylococcal (sub)species were sequenced. Assuming a normal distribution for pairwise distances of all unique staphylococcal sequences and choosing a reporting criterion of >98.7% similarity for a "distinct species," a statistical error probability of 1.0% was calculated. To evaluate this database, a 16S rDNA fragment (corresponding to Escherichia coli positions 54 to 510) of 55 clinical Staphylococcus isolates (including those of the small-colony variant phenotype) were sequenced and analyzed by the RIDOM approach. Of these isolates, 54 (98.2%) had a similarity score above the proposed threshold using RIDOM; 48 (87.3%) of the sequences gave a perfect match, whereas 83.6% were found by searching National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database entries. In contrast to RIDOM, which showed four ambiguities at the species level (mainly concerning Staphylococcus intermedius versus Staphylococcus delphini), the NCBI database search yielded 18 taxon-related ambiguities and showed numerous matches exhibiting redundant or unspecified entries. Comparing molecular results with those of biochemical procedures, ID 32 Staph (bioMérieux, Marcy I'Etoile, France) and VITEK 2 (bioMérieux) failed to identify 13 (23.6%) and 19 (34.5%) isolates, respectively, due to incorrect identification and/or categorization below acceptable values. In contrast to phenotypic methods and the NCBI database, the novel high-quality RIDOM sequence database provides excellent identification of staphylococci, including rarely isolated species and phenotypic variants.The emerging role of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), along with Staphylococcus aureus, in connection with the expanding number of staphylococcal (sub)species described necessitates their comprehensive and accurate identification. A variety of methods have been proposed for the identification of staphylococcal species, including conventional identification schemes based on publications of Kloos and Schleifer (18) and commercial identification tests. In general, methods based on phenotypic characteristics are hampered by the fact that they are dependent on the expression of metabolic activities and/or morphological features. Furthermore, commercial systems often offer two or more suggestions for identification with a comparable safety level.Nowadays, with the advent of molecular biology-based techniques, investigations based on comparative DNA sequence analysis of the genes of conserved macromolecules have become commonplace in microbiology as a tool for classification of microbial organisms. The most useful and extensively investigated taxonomic marker molecules are the larger rRNAs and their corresponding ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Evaluation of a Quality-Controlled Ribosomal Sequence Database for 16S Ribosomal DNA-Based Identification of Staphylococcus Species

Becker¹,

et al. 2004

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“…g 21 for smear Gruyère cheeses within the first 3 weeks of ripening. This flora is composed of two principal Gram-positive groups: coryneform bacteria (irregular rods or cocci, catalase-positive) and staphylococci (cocci, catalase-positive) (Bockelmann & Hoppe-Seyler, 2001;Bockelmann, 2002;Brenann et al, 2002;Place et al, 2002Place et al, , 2003. These two groups present similar physiological properties permitting their growth on the cheese surface: they are aerobic, alkaliphilic, mesophilic and salt-tolerant and cannot develop under acid conditions.…”

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Arthrobacter bergerei sp. nov. and Arthrobacter arilaitensis sp. nov., novel coryneform species isolated from the surfaces of cheeses

Irlinger

Bimet

Delettre

et al. 2005

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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Fourteen isolates of two different bacterial species isolated from the surface of smear-ripened cheeses were found to exhibit many characteristics of the genus Arthrobacter. The isolates were aerobic, Gram-positive, catalase-positive, non-spore-forming and non-motile. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained lysine, alanine and glutamic acid. rrs sequence analysis indicated that the new isolates Re117T and Ca106T are closely related to the Arthrobacter nicotianae group and showed highest sequence similarity (>98 %) to Arthrobacter nicotianae and Arthrobacter protophormiae. However, DNA–DNA hybridization studies indicated that the strains represented two novel genomic species within the genus Arthrobacter and did not belong to A. nicotianae or A. protophormiae (<43 % DNA–DNA relatedness). On the basis of the phylogenetic and phenotypic distinctiveness of the new isolates, these bacteria should be classified as two novel Arthrobacter species, for which the names Arthrobacter bergerei sp. nov. and Arthrobacter arilaitensis sp. nov. are proposed. Type strains have been deposited in culture collections as Arthrobacter bergerei Ca106T (=CIP 108036T=DSM 16367T) and Arthrobacter arilaitensis Re117T (=CIP 108037T=DSM 16368T).

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“…At present, 36 staphylococcal species are known: nine of them include two subspecies, and one of them includes three subspecies (Garrity et al, 2004;Spergser et al, 2003;Place et al, 2003; Švec et al, 2004). Several Staphylococcus species have been isolated from non-human primates and in some cases were associated with illness and mortality, particularly in newly imported animals (Padovan & Cantrell, 1983;Crouch et al, 1984;Stasilevich et al, 1986).…”

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confidence: 99%

Staphylococcus simiae sp. nov., isolated from South American squirrel monkeys

Pantůček

Sedláček

Petřáš

et al. 2005

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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Eight coagulase-negative, oxidase-negative and novobiocin-susceptible staphylococcal strains were isolated from the gastrointestinal tracts of South American squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus L.). These strains were differentiated from known staphylococcal species on the basis of 16S rRNA gene and hsp60 gene sequencing, and from the most closely related species by using DNA-DNA hybridization, ribotyping, whole-cell protein profiles and biotyping. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences confirmed that these strains are members of the Staphylococcus aureus species group (99 % similarity) but are biochemically similar to Staphylococcus piscifermentans, from which they can be phenotypically distinguished by resistance to polymyxin B, acid production from D-mannitol, the inability to hydrolyse aesculin and DNA and the absence of a-glucosidase. On the basis of these analyses, a novel species of the genus Staphylococcus is described, for which the name Staphylococcus simiae sp. nov. is proposed, with CCM 7213 T (=LMG 22723 T ) as the type strain.Staphylococci are among the most widespread of the pathogenic and opportunistic pathogenic bacteria (Kloos et al., 1992). At present, 36 staphylococcal species are known: nine of them include two subspecies, and one of them includes three subspecies (Garrity et al., 2004;Spergser et al., 2003;Place et al., 2003; Švec et al., 2004). Several Staphylococcus species have been isolated from non-human primates and in some cases were associated with illness and mortality, particularly in newly imported animals (Padovan & Cantrell, 1983;Crouch et al., 1984;Stasilevich et al., 1986). An unnamed coagulase-negative and novobiocin-resistant 'Staphylococcus sp. 5' isolated from skin of squirrel monkeys has been reported previously by Kloos et al. (1976). During an outbreak of diarrhoeal disease in squirrel monkeys in a zoo in Olomouc, Czech Republic, staphylococcal strains with atypical features were isolated from both ill and healthy animals. The South American squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus L.) is an arboreal, small-sized, non-human primate from equatorial South America; it has always been a common sight in zoos, and laboratory-bred squirrel monkeys have long been used as an animal model in various fields of biomedical research (Rosenblum & Coe, 1985). (Freney et al., 1999; Pantů ček et al., 1999;Mannerová et al., 2003). Additional biochemical profile data were obtained by using the ID32 Staph, API Staph and API ZYM systems (bioMérieux). Susceptibility to other antibiotics was determined on Mueller-Hinton agar (Oxoid) by using a standard diffusion technique with a standard set of antibiotic discs for staphylococci (Oxoid).The characteristics of the novel isolates are summarized in the species description below. The squirrel monkey strains are phenotypically close to S. piscifermentans (Tanasupawat et al., 1992; Pantů ček et al., 1999) but differ from the latter in terms of the following biochemical characteristics: aesculin hydrolysis, DNA hydrolysis, a-and b-glucosid...

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Staphylococcus equorum subsp. linens, subsp. nov., A Starter Culture Component for Surface Ripened Semi-Hard Cheeses

Cited by 107 publications

References 20 publications

Development and Evaluation of a Quality-Controlled Ribosomal Sequence Database for 16S Ribosomal DNA-Based Identification of Staphylococcus Species

Development and Evaluation of a Quality-Controlled Ribosomal Sequence Database for 16S Ribosomal DNA-Based Identification of Staphylococcus Species

Arthrobacter bergerei sp. nov. and Arthrobacter arilaitensis sp. nov., novel coryneform species isolated from the surfaces of cheeses

Staphylococcus simiae sp. nov., isolated from South American squirrel monkeys

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