Staphylococcus Infection: Relapsing Atopic Dermatitis and Microbial Restoration

Hulme, John

doi:10.3390/antibiotics12020222

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 109 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…S . aureus lipoproteins bind to mammalian TLR2 and activate innate immunity [ 6 , 7 ]. Therefore, we hypothesized that a protein in S .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Acid-treated Staphylococcus aureus induces acute silkworm hemolymph melanization

Matsumoto,

Sato,

Sugita

2024

PLoS ONE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The skin microbiome maintains healthy human skin, and disruption of the microbiome balance leads to inflammatory skin diseases such as folliculitis and atopic dermatitis. Staphylococcus aureus and Cutibacterium acnes are pathogenic bacteria that simultaneously inhabit the skin and cause inflammatory diseases of the skin through the activation of innate immune responses. Silkworms are useful invertebrate animal models for evaluating innate immune responses. In silkworms, phenoloxidase generates melanin as an indicator of innate immune activation upon the recognition of bacterial or fungal components. We hypothesized that S. aureus and C. acnes interact to increase the innate immunity-activating properties of S. aureus. In the present study, we showed that acidification is involved in the activation of silkworm hemolymph melanization by S. aureus. Autoclaved-killed S. aureus (S. aureus [AC]) alone does not greatly activate silkworm hemolymph melanization. On the other hand, applying S. aureus [AC] treated with C. acnes culture supernatant increased the silkworm hemolymph melanization. Adding C. acnes culture supernatant to the medium decreased the pH. S. aureus [AC] treated with propionic acid, acetic acid, or lactic acid induced higher silkworm hemolymph melanization activity than untreated S. aureus [AC]. S. aureus [AC] treated with hydrochloric acid also induced silkworm hemolymph melanization. The silkworm hemolymph melanization activity of S. aureus [AC] treated with hydrochloric acid was inhibited by protease treatment of S. aureus [AC]. These results suggest that acid treatment of S. aureus induces innate immune activation in silkworms and that S. aureus proteins are involved in the induction of innate immunity in silkworms.

show abstract

“…S . aureus lipoproteins bind to mammalian TLR2 and activate innate immunity [ 6 , 7 ]. Therefore, we hypothesized that a protein in S .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…S . aureus peptidoglycan, a cell wall component, and proteins such as lipoproteins induce innate immune activation and inflammation [ 6 , 7 ]. Understanding the mechanism underlying the induction of host immunity by S .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acid-treated Staphylococcus aureus induces acute silkworm hemolymph melanization

Matsumoto,

Sato,

Sugita

2024

PLoS ONE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…S. aureus lipoproteins bind to mammalian TLR2 and activate innate immunity [6,7]. Therefore, we hypothesized that a protein in S. aureus [AC] was responsible for this activity.…”

Section: Effect Of Protease Treatment On the Induction Of Silkworm He...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Acid-treatedStaphylococcus aureusinduces acute silkworm hemolymph melanization

Matsumoto,

Sato,

Sugita

2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The skin microbiome maintains healthy human skin, and disruption of the microbiome balance leads to inflammatory skin diseases such as folliculitis and atopic dermatitis. Staphylococcus aureus and Cutibacterium acnes are pathogenic bacteria that simultaneously inhabit the skin and cause inflammatory diseases of the skin through the activation of innate immune responses. Silkworms are useful invertebrate animal models for evaluating innate immune responses. In silkworms, phenoloxidase generates melanin as an indicator of innate immune activation upon the recognition of bacterial or fungal components. We hypothesized that S. aureus and C. acnes interact to increase the innate immunity-activating properties of S. aureus. In the present study, we showed that acidification is involved in the activation of silkworm hemolymph melanization by S. aureus. Autoclaved-killed S. aureus (S. aureus [AC]) alone does not greatly activate silkworm hemolymph melanization. On the other hand, applying S. aureus [AC] treated with C. acnes culture supernatant increased the silkworm hemolymph melanization. Adding C. acnes culture supernatant to the medium decreased the pH. S. aureus[AC] treated with propionic acid, acetic acid, or lactic acid induced higher silkworm hemolymph melanization activity than untreated S. aureus [AC]. S. aureus [AC] treated with hydrochloric acid also induced silkworm hemolymph melanization. The silkworm hemolymph melanization activity of S. aureus [AC] treated with hydrochloric acid was inhibited by protease treatment of S. aureus AC]. These results suggest that acid treatment of S. aureus induces innate immune activation in silkworms and that S. aureus proteins are involved in the induction of innate immunity in silkworms.

show abstract

“…A parasite or pathogen can also influence the host’s immune response via various epigenetic mechanisms, perturbing the regulation of expressed and non-expressed genes, resulting in homeostatic imbalance. For example, several pathogenic infections, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) [ 138 ], Schistosomiasis [ 139 ], Hepatitis C (HCV) [ 140 ], lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) [ 141 ], and sepsis [ 142 ] engage in immune suppression by employing a plethora of epigenetic mechanisms, ranging from the acetylation (permissive access) and methylation (restricted access) of histones H3 [ 138 ] and H4 to the hypo and hypermethylation of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and Th1 pathways [ 139 ], evoking a polarized immune response [ 143 ]. There are four core histones, H2A, H2B, H3, and H4, with H3 constituting the major site of histone methylation.…”

Section: Diarylamidines Serine Proteasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 and Diarylamidines: The Parasitic Connection

Hulme

2023

IJMS

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

As emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants (Omicron) continue to outpace and negate combinatorial vaccines and monoclonal antibody therapies targeting the spike protein (S) receptor binding domain (RBD), the appetite for developing similar COVID-19 treatments has significantly diminished, with the attention of the scientific community switching to long COVID treatments. However, treatments that reduce the risk of “post-COVID-19 syndrome” and associated sequelae remain in their infancy, particularly as no established criteria for diagnosis currently exist. Thus, alternative therapies that reduce infection and prevent the broad range of symptoms associated with ‘post-COVID-19 syndrome’ require investigation. This review begins with an overview of the parasitic–diarylamidine connection, followed by the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and associated angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSSR2) involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Subsequently, the ability of diarylamidines to inhibit S-protein binding and various membrane serine proteases associated with SARS-CoV-2 and parasitic infections are discussed. Finally, the roles of diarylamidines (primarily DIZE) in vaccine efficacy, epigenetics, and the potential amelioration of long COVID sequelae are highlighted.

show abstract

Staphylococcus Infection: Relapsing Atopic Dermatitis and Microbial Restoration

Cited by 12 publications

References 109 publications

Acid-treated Staphylococcus aureus induces acute silkworm hemolymph melanization

Acid-treated Staphylococcus aureus induces acute silkworm hemolymph melanization

Acid-treatedStaphylococcus aureusinduces acute silkworm hemolymph melanization

COVID-19 and Diarylamidines: The Parasitic Connection

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About