Star Building Materials Study on Wood Structure and Combustion Characteristics

Kim, Jong-Buk; Park, Young-Ju; Lee, Siyoung

doi:10.7731/kifse.2016.30.5.060

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Accordingly, this value is correlated more with the mean HRR than with the peak HRR. It can be said that materials that release energy relatively rapidly pose higher fire risks than those releasing energy slowly [20].…”

Section: Cone Calorimeter Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire Propagation Characteristics and Fire Risks of Polyurethanes: Effects of Material Type (Foam & Board) and Added Flame Retardant

Choi

Chae

Hwang

et al. 2022

Fire

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Polyurethane material is used as an interior finish and wall cavity insulation. Flame-retardant products may be used for ignition, flame diffusion, and heat-release blocking. A large-scale test was conducted to understand the flame propagation characteristics of polyurethane with the addition of a flame retardant. The fire propagation properties and fire risks of four commonly used polyurethane materials were examined using three tests. Specifically, ignition properties, flame propagation behavior, and flashover occurrence were probed using full-scale tests, while heat release and fire characteristics were examined using cone calorimeter tests, and the toxicity of gaseous combustion products was assessed using gas toxicity tests. PIR F and PIR B, which contained flame retardants, featured slow flame propagation and a long-lasting residual flame, and PIR F released HCl and Br2 on combustion. Full-scale tests revealed that although external flame propagation was always accompanied by flashover, irrespective of whether the flame retardant was present, a delay or blockage of energy transfer to the inside was observed for flame-retardant-containing specimens. Apart from checking the safety at the material level, the importance of identifying the actual fire characteristics through a full-scale test was confirmed.

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Section: Cone Calorimeter Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire Propagation Characteristics and Fire Risks of Polyurethanes: Effects of Material Type (Foam & Board) and Added Flame Retardant

Choi

Chae

Hwang

et al. 2022

Fire

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“…시카고의 이로쿼이 극장 (1) 보스턴의 코코넛 그로브 나이트 , 클럽 (2) 한국의 씨랜드 청소년 훈련 센터 , (3) 및 대구 지하철역 화재 (4) (12) . 벽지의 연기밀도 및 연소특성에 대한 연구들도 수행되어 왔다.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Experimental Study on Combustion and Fire Smoke Characteristics of Wallpapers using Smoke Density Chamber

Lee,

Ha,

Jeon

2023

Fire Sci. Eng.

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During a fire, flames can quickly spread throughout the room because the wallpaper covers the entire surface. Smoke generated from fire is a significant obstacle to evacuation. Therefore, it is essential to study the smoke characteristics of the wallpaper to ensure evacuation safety. This study used the ISO 5659-2 combustion chamber method to measure the smoke density over time with and without flame conditions using a 25 kW/m<sup>2</sup> radiation heat flux. The extinction coefficient represents the visibility in the smoke, and VOF4 shows the initial combustion smoke density characteristics. These two factors were derived from experiment results. Paper, cork, and cotton wallpapers were used as representative wallpapers. The results show that the maximum smoke density of all wallpapers was higher in the non-flame condition than in the flame condition. Under the flame condition, the maximum smoke density was measured in the order of cork, cotton, and paper. In the non-flame condition, the order was cotton, cork, and paper with the maximum smoke density. The extinction coefficient of wallpapers, except paper, exceeded 1.0 m<sup>-1</sup> in the flame condition, indicating that the smoke density provides visibility of 1-2 m under fire.

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“…Unlike Cryptomeria japonica, Pinus densiflora, they showed signs of carbonization at regular intervals. [8] Another previous study analyzed the fire vulnerability of MDF, OSB, cork board, and general wood plywood using a 45° Meckel's burner. As a result, the MDF greatly exceeded the char area of 5,000mm 2 , which is stipulated in Standard of the Nation Fire Agency of Republic Korea.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[13] According to previous studies, combustion characteristics were different for each tree species. [8] In addition, flame retardant treatment is actively implemented as a way to compensate for the fire vulnerability of wood. In addition, it was confirmed that eco-friendly fire retardant paint were being developed to escape environmental regulation when performing flame retardant treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame Resistant of Larch Plywood According to Main Ingredients of Fire Retardant Paint

Lim,

Kong

2023

ijmst

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The aims of this study is to comparative analyze the flame resistant of Larix kamperi according to fire retardant paints with different main components. Wood, an eco friendly traditional material, has been proven to reduce carbon, drawing attention as a solution to climate change, an international environmental issue. Wood is used as a material for buildings as furniture, interior, and furniture, and greatly satisfied users who require eco-friendliness. However, wood is a factor that increases the fire load in a fire. In previous studies, the fire vulnerability of Cryptomeria japonica, Pinus densiflora, MDF, OSB, cork board, and plain wood plywood was analyzed. As a result, wood without flame retardant treatment was vulnerable to fire. To compensate for this problem, we intend to secure an evacuation time by delaying the ignition time in case of a fire. Accordingly, Flame retardant treatment is implemented in accordance with Article 20 of ?the Enforcement Decree of the Act on the maintenance and Safety Management of Firefighting Facilities?. The main flame-retardant paint used is bromine, a halogen compound, and has high flame resistant. However, it is subject to environmental regulations due to the problem of soot and smoke generation. Eco friendly fire retardant paint are continuously being developed to escape regulations. Therefore, it is necessary to measure the effect of the flame resistant by treating the developed fire retardant paint for each tree species. So, three types of fire retardant paint with different main components are selected and treated on a larch plywood to analyze flame resistant. In this study, after flame time, after glow time, char length, and char area were measured in accordance with Standard of the Nation Fire Agency of Republic Korea. The main components of fire retardant paint are ammonium polyphosphate, emulsion resin, and phosphorus based mixture. Based on each theoretical application amount, 150g/m2, 180g/m2, and 180g/m2 were applied as the flame retardant paint. As a control group, a test specimen that was not with flame retardant treatment was set. The results are as follows. First, ammonium polyphosphate was the most excellent flame resistant. Second, as a result of flame retardant treatment the phosphorus mixture with the same main ingredient on the same type of larch plywood, the effect of flame resistant was different depending on the technology development of each manufacturer. Third, all larch plywood satisfied the flame resistant regardless of the presence or absence of flame retardant treatment. This seems to be because Larix Kamperi itself has a property that does not burn easily. It is expected that the results of this study will be used as basic data for the production of semi noncombustible material suitable for flame resistant Standard of the Nation Fire Agency of Republic Korea in the future.

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Star Building Materials Study on Wood Structure and Combustion Characteristics

Cited by 3 publications

References 6 publications

Fire Propagation Characteristics and Fire Risks of Polyurethanes: Effects of Material Type (Foam & Board) and Added Flame Retardant

Fire Propagation Characteristics and Fire Risks of Polyurethanes: Effects of Material Type (Foam & Board) and Added Flame Retardant

Experimental Study on Combustion and Fire Smoke Characteristics of Wallpapers using Smoke Density Chamber

Flame Resistant of Larch Plywood According to Main Ingredients of Fire Retardant Paint

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