Starbursts with suppressed velocity dispersion revealed in a forming cluster at <i>z</i>  =  2.51

Xiao, Mengyuan; Wang, Tao; Elbaz, D.; Iono, Daisuke; Lu, Xing; Bing, L.; Daddi, Emanuele; Magnelli, B.; Gómez-Guijarro, Carlos; Bournaud, F.; Gu, Qiusheng; Jin, S.; Valentino, F.; Zanella, Anita; Gobat, R.; Martín, S.; Brammer, Gabriel; Kohno, Kotaro; Ciesla, L.; Yu, Xiaoling; Okumura, K.

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202142843

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 115 publications

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“…While this ensures that we are able to detect most of the SF members above this mass limit, some of the most obscured ones may still be missed. We hence complemented this sample of Hα emitters with our previously confirmed cluster members based on CO(1-0) (Wang et al 2016(Wang et al , 2018 and CO(3-2) (Xiao et al 2022) observations.…”

Section: Data: Member Galaxies Selection and Hst Imagingmentioning

confidence: 95%

Accelerated Structural Evolution of Galaxies in a Starbursting Cluster at z = 2.51

Wang

et al. 2023

ApJL

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Structural properties of cluster galaxies during their peak formation epoch, z ∼ 2–4 provide key information on whether and how the environment affects galaxy formation and evolution. Based on deep Hubble Space Telescope (HST)/Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) imaging toward the z = 2.51 cluster, J1001, we explore environmental effects on the structure, color gradients, and stellar populations of a statistical sample of cluster star-forming galaxies (SFGs). We find that the cluster SFGs are on average smaller than their field counterparts. This difference is most pronounced at the high-mass end (M ⋆ > 1010.5 M ⊙), with nearly all of them lying below the mass–size relation of field galaxies. The high-mass cluster SFGs are also generally old, with a steep negative color gradient, indicating an early formation time likely associated with strong dissipative collapse. For low-mass cluster SFGs, we unveil a population of compact galaxies with steep positive color gradients that are not seen in the field. This suggests that the low-mass compact cluster SFGs may have already experienced strong environmental effects, e.g., tidal/ram pressure stripping, in this young cluster. These results provide evidence on the environmental effects at work in the earliest formed clusters with different roles in the formation of low- and high-mass galaxies.

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Section: Data: Member Galaxies Selection and Hst Imagingmentioning

confidence: 95%

Accelerated Structural Evolution of Galaxies in a Starbursting Cluster at z = 2.51

Wang

et al. 2023

ApJL

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“…The median r 31 value is comparable to that of other highredshift galaxies reported in the literature. In the VLASPECS survey (Riechers et al 2020), the median r 31 for MS galaxies at z = 2-3 is 0.84 ± 0.26; Xiao et al (2022) reported an r 31 of 0.8 for two starburst galaxies in a z = 2.5 protocluster, and Sharon et al (2016) found r 31 = 0.78 ± 0.27 for a sample of lensed and unlensed SMGs at z ∼ 2. Our value for r 31 is higher than the ratio found by Ivison et al (2011), 0.55 ± 0.05, for SMGs at z = 2.2-2.5, and consistent with 0.63 ± 0.12 from Birkin et al (2021).…”

Section: Co Spectral Line Energy Distributions and Line Ratiosmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our knowledge of the cold molecular gas content in nonlensed systems comes from targeted studies (Carilli et al 2010;Riechers et al 2011bRiechers et al , 2011aIvison et al 2011;Sharon et al 2016;Huynh et al 2017;Kaasinen et al 2019;Leung et al 2019;Frias Castillo et al 2022;Xiao et al 2022). While valuable, carrying out a systematic study of a statistically significant sample of CO(1-0) emission of high-redshift galaxies has been hampered by the rather heterogeneous selection criteria applied in the different studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

VLA Legacy Survey of Molecular Gas in Massive Star-forming Galaxies at High Redshift

Castillo

Hodge

Rybak

et al. 2023

ApJ

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We present the initial results of an ongoing survey with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array targeting the CO(J = 1–0) transition in a sample of 30 submillimeter-selected, dusty star-forming galaxies (SFGs) at z = 2–5 with existing mid-J CO detections from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array and NOrthern Extended Millimeter Array, of which 17 have been fully observed. We detect CO(1–0) emission in 11 targets, along with three tentative (∼1.5σ–2σ) detections; three galaxies are undetected. Our results yield total molecular gas masses of 6–23 × 1010 (α CO/1) M ⊙, with gas mass fractions, f gas = M mol/(M *+M mol), of 0.1–0.8 and a median depletion time of (140 ± 70) Myr. We find median CO excitation ratios of r 31 = 0.75 ± 0.39 and r 41 = 0.63 ± 0.44, with significant scatter. We find no significant correlation between the excitation ratio and a number of key parameters such as redshift, CO(1–0) line width, or ΣSFR. We only find a tentative positive correlation between r 41 and the star-forming efficiency, but we are limited by our small sample size. Finally, we compare our results to predictions from the SHARK semi-analytical model, finding a good agreement between the molecular gas masses, depletion times, and gas fractions of our sources and their SHARK counterparts. Our results highlight the heterogeneous nature of the most massive SFGs at high redshift, and the importance of CO(1–0) observations to robustly constrain their total molecular gas content and interstellar medium properties.

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“…The median r 31 value is comparable to that of other highredshift galaxies reported in the literature. In the VLASPECS survey (Riechers et al 2020), the median r 31 for MS galaxies at z = 2-3 is 0.84±0.26; Xiao et al (2022) We include literature values of unlensed SMGs and SFGs with CO(1-0) detections. We find no significant correlation for these variables with either ratio.…”

Section: Co Spectral Line Energy Distributions and Line Ratiosmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our knowledge of the cold molecular gas content in nonlensed systems comes from targeted studies (Carilli et al 2010;Ivison et al 2011;Riechers et al 2011a,b;Sharon et al 2016;Huynh et al 2017;Kaasinen et al 2019;Leung et al 2019;Frias Castillo et al 2022;Xiao et al 2022). While valuable, carrying out a systematic study of a statistically significant sample of CO(1-0) emission of high-redshift galaxies has been hampered by the rather heterogeneous selection criteria applied in the different studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

VLA Legacy Survey of Molecular Gas in Massive Star-forming Galaxies at High Redshift

Castillo¹,

Hodge²,

Rybak³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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We present initial results of an ongoing survey with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array targeting the CO(J = 1-0) transition in a sample of 30 submillimeter-selected, dusty star-forming galaxies at z = 2-5 with existing mid-J CO detections from ALMA and NOEMA, of which 17 have been fully observed. We detect CO(1-0) emission in 11 targets, along with three tentative (∼1.5-2σ) detections; three galaxies are undetected. Our results yield total molecular gas masses of 6-23×10 10 (α CO /1) M , with gas mass fractions, f gas =M mol /(M * +M mol ), of 0.1-0.8 and a median depletion time of (140±70) Myr. We find median CO excitation ratios of r 31 = 0.75±0.39 and r 41 = 0.63±0.44, with a significant scatter. We find no significant correlation between the excitation ratio and a number of key parameters such as redshift, CO(1-0) line width or Σ SFR . We only find a tentative positive correlation between r 41 and the star-forming efficiency, but we are limited by our small sample size. Finally, we compare our results to predictions from the SHARK semi-analytical model, finding a good agreement between the molecular gas masses, depletion times and gas fractions of our sources and their SHARK counterparts. Our results highlight the heterogeneous nature of the most massive star-forming galaxies at high-redshift, and the importance of CO(1-0) observations to robustly constrain their total molecular gas content and ISM properties.

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Starbursts with suppressed velocity dispersion revealed in a forming cluster at z = 2.51

Cited by 10 publications

References 115 publications

Accelerated Structural Evolution of Galaxies in a Starbursting Cluster at z = 2.51

Accelerated Structural Evolution of Galaxies in a Starbursting Cluster at z = 2.51

VLA Legacy Survey of Molecular Gas in Massive Star-forming Galaxies at High Redshift

VLA Legacy Survey of Molecular Gas in Massive Star-forming Galaxies at High Redshift

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