Starch

doi:10.1007/978-4-431-55495-0

Cited by 32 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 432 publications

(745 reference statements)

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“…The rate constant for ring opening was estimated to be 0. is consistent with values reported in prior studies 45,46,48 . To directly probe the presence of unconverted "crystalline" particulates in potato starch hydrolysis, we further used light scattering techniques.…”

Section: Hydrolysis Of α -Cyclodextrinsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…5 shows crystalline XRD peaks at 2 of 5.35 o , 14.8 o , 17 o , and 24 o which are characteristic of B -type starch granules44 . Starch from tuber crops (yam, potato, sweet potato) have similar B-type classification[45][46][47] due to the branching framework within amylopectin. The degree of crystallinity of potato starch is estimated as 29% based on the Scherrer equation, which…”

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confidence: 99%

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Kinetic Studies of Acid Hydrolysis of Food Waste-Derived Saccharides

Ebikade

Lym

Wittreich

et al. 2018

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Starch saccharified glucose from food waste can be an important precursor for renewable chemicals and fuels. Despite numerous studies on hydrolysis of biomass, detailed kinetic studies and associated models of hydrolysis are lacking. We investigated the kinetics of glycosidic bond scission of malto-oligosaccharides in lithium bromide acidified molten salt hydrate (AMSH) medium and estimated rate parameters from experimental data. Our data support the hypothesis that the terminal, nonreducing bonds hydrolyze faster than the interior and terminal-reducing C–O bonds. Next, we extended the model to simulate the hydrolysis of linear and cyclic saccharides of varying degree of polymerization and of potato starch. We characterize starch using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and light scattering methods. The model is in excellent agreement with the experimentally determined concentrations of glucose and other oligosaccharides. The chain length of saccharides is found to be directly related to their hydrolysis rate constant, but inversely proportional to the glucose formation rate constant.

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Section: Hydrolysis Of α -Cyclodextrinsupporting

confidence: 93%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic Studies of Acid Hydrolysis of Food Waste-Derived Saccharides

Ebikade

Lym

Wittreich

et al. 2018

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…This modification of the enzyme limiting the pathway of starch biosynthesis would be part of a proposed general mechanism in which protein kinases critically phosphorylate different enzymes involved in the metabolism of the polysaccharide in plants (Kötting et al, 2010;Geigenberger, 2011;Goren et al, 2018). In this framework, phosphorylation would chiefly orchestrate the functioning of the starch metabolism in combination with redox modification and the formation of complexes between different proteins (Lohrig et al, 2009;Kötting et al, 2010;Geigenberger, 2011;Ma et al, 2014;Tetlow et al, 2015;Goren et al, 2018). These combined processes would operate as an effective mechanism to optimize the accumulation of the polysaccharide in seeds of wheat and other grass crops.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A substantial body of experimental evidence is giving support to the modulation of starch biosynthesis by the combined action of post-translational mechanisms, including redox modification, protein complex formation, and protein phosphorylation (Lohrig et al, 2009;Kötting et al, 2010;Geigenberger, 2011;Ma et al, 2014;Tetlow et al, 2015;Goren et al, 2018). In this context, proteomic information obtained in the last decade draws attention to ADP-Glc PPase as a putative target of protein kinases (Lohrig et al, 2009;Kötting et al, 2010;Ma et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorylation of ADP-Glucose Pyrophosphorylase During Wheat Seeds Development

et al. 2020

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Starch is the dominant reserve polysaccharide accumulated in the seed of grasses (like wheat). It is the most common carbohydrate in the human diet and a material applied to the bioplastics and biofuels industry. Hence, the complete understanding of starch metabolism is critical to design rational strategies to improve its allocation in plant reserve tissues. ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (ADP-Glc PPase) catalyzes the key (regulated) step in the synthetic starch pathway. The enzyme comprises a small (S) and a large (L) subunit forming an S 2 L 2 heterotetramer, which is allosterically regulated by orthophosphate, fructose-6P, and 3P-glycerate. ADP-Glc PPase was found in a phosphorylated state in extracts from wheat seeds. The amount of the phosphorylated protein increased along with the development of the seed and correlated with relative increases of the enzyme activity and starch content. Conversely, this post-translational modification was absent in seeds from Ricinus communis . In vitro , the recombinant ADP-Glc PPase from wheat endosperm was phosphorylated by wheat seed extracts as well as by recombinant Ca 2+ -dependent plant protein kinases. Further analysis showed that the preferential phosphorylation takes place on the L subunit. Results suggest that the ADP-Glc PPase is a phosphorylation target in seeds from grasses but not from oleaginous plants. Accompanying seed maturation and starch accumulation, a combined regulation of ADP-Glc PPase by metabolites and phosphorylation may provide an enzyme with stable levels of activity. Such concerted modulation would drive carbon skeletons to the synthesis of starch for its long-term storage, which later support seed germination.

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“…Storage starch serves as an energy source during germination. Biosynthesis of starch in both leaves and seeds occurs within plastid stroma and involves both similar and distinct enzymatic processes and regulatory mechanisms, typically facilitated by genetically distinct isoforms ( Nakamura, 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomics and starch biosynthesis analysis in leaves and developing seeds of mung bean provide a basis for genetic engineering of starch composition and seed quality

Umnajkitikorn,

Boonchuen,

Senavongse

et al. 2024

Front. Plant Sci.

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Mung bean starch is distinguished by its exceptional high amylose content and regulation of starch biosynthesis in leaves and storage tissues, such as seeds, share considerable similarities. Genetic engineering of starch composition and content, requires detailed knowledge of starch biosynthetic gene expression and enzymatic regulation. In this study we applied detailed transcriptomic analyses to unravel the global differential gene expression patterns in mung bean leaves and in seeds during various stages of development. The objective was to identify candidate genes and regulatory mechanisms that may enable generation of desirable seed qualities through the use of genetic engineering. Notable differences in gene expression, in particular low expression of the Protein Targeting to Starch (PTST), starch synthase (SS) 3, and starch branching enzyme1 (SBE1) encoding genes in developing seeds as compared to leaves were evident. These differences were related to starch molecular structures and granule morphologies. Specifically, the starch molecular size distribution at different stages of seed development correlated with the starch biosynthesis gene expression of the SBE1, SS1, granule-bound starch synthases (GBSS) and isoamylase 1 (ISA1) encoding genes. Furthermore, putative hormonal and redox controlled regulation were observed, which may be explained by abscisic acid (ABA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) induced signal transduction, and redox regulation of ferredoxins and thioredoxins, respectively. The morphology of starch granules in leaves and developing seeds were clearly distinguishable and could be correlated to differential expression of SS1. Here, we present a first comprehensive transcriptomic dataset of developing mung bean seeds, and combined these findings may enable generation of genetic engineering strategies of for example starch biosynthetic genes for increasing starch levels in seeds and constitute a valuable toolkit for improving mung bean seed quality.

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Starch

Cited by 32 publications

References 432 publications

Kinetic Studies of Acid Hydrolysis of Food Waste-Derived Saccharides

Kinetic Studies of Acid Hydrolysis of Food Waste-Derived Saccharides

Phosphorylation of ADP-Glucose Pyrophosphorylase During Wheat Seeds Development

Transcriptomics and starch biosynthesis analysis in leaves and developing seeds of mung bean provide a basis for genetic engineering of starch composition and seed quality

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