The present study aimed to carry
out the chemical and physical
characterizations of bacaba (Oenocarpus bacaba Mart.) over 120 days of its development, aiming at a better understanding
of the post-harvest behavior of the fruit, which may serve as a basis
for the adoption of good cultivation, conservation, and processing
practices. Important characteristics were observed throughout the
development of the fruit, such as changes in color, pH, titratable
acidity, soluble solids, proximal composition, α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl
(DPPH) antioxidant activity, total phenolic compounds, vitamin C,
and profile of volatile compounds, in addition to cell wall analyses.
The visual changes observed with an emphasis on coloring, starting
from light green in stage 1 to purple violet in stage 5, suggest its
potential use as a morphological marker of fruit development, especially
in determining ripeness and ideal harvest. The contents of lipids,
ashes, and polygalacturonase activity increased while the cellulose
and cell wall protein contents, as well as the antioxidant activity
due to the DPPH radical sequestration decreased during maturation.
The results obtained sublimate the nutritional and functional potential
of bacaba in natura. The volatile profile of bacaba consisted of 36.1%
esters, 29.83% aldehydes, 13.1% ketones, 11.32% acids, and approximately
9.65% other compounds. Based on the results obtained, bacaba should
be harvested between stages 4 and 5 (96 and 120 days after anthesis)
as they have adequate internal quality to be consumed in natura or
processed in different ways.