Starch biosynthesis.

Martin, Cathie; Smith, Alison M.

doi:10.1105/tpc.7.7.971

Cited by 352 publications

(186 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…The biochemistry of starch deposition has been discussed elsewhere [1][2][3][4][5] and readers are referred to these publications for details. Within the cytosol of plants, specialised organelles called amyloplasts are ultimately responsible for starch biosynthesis.…”

Section: Synthesis Composition and Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Environmental Conditions on the Structural Features and Physico-chemical Properties of Starches

2001

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Section: Synthesis Composition and Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Environmental Conditions on the Structural Features and Physico-chemical Properties of Starches

2001

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“…To investigate this problem we need to utilise homologous mutations that have been identified at specific steps in the starch biosynthetic pathway. We have begun to make such comparisons using the mutations affecting the major granule-bound starch synthase in maize [40], potato [41] and pea [16], the mutations relating respectively to the waxy (wx), amylose free (amf ) and low amylose (lam) loci. The proportion of double helices in each of these mutants has been shown to increase compared with starch from the respective WT (Fig.…”

Section: Can We Determine the Effects Of Specified Genes On Starch Grmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Genetic Approach to Studying the Morphology, Structure and Function of Starch Granules using Pea as a Model

2002

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A series of near-isogenic lines have been developed for mutations induced and identified at six independent loci controlling steps in starch biosynthesis of pea (Pisum sativum) seeds. The review describes the methodology associated with the development of these lines and with the characterisation of the starches produced, in particular the effects that the mutations have on the morphology, structure and properties of the starch granules. The shape of starch granules from lines containing mutations at either the r or rug5 loci, encoding a starch branching enzyme and a soluble starch synthase, differ significantly from granules found in the non-mutant parental line. Mutations at each of the six loci result in characteristic changes in granular structure, which has been studied using polarised light microscopy, wide angle X-ray diffraction, solid state NMR and differential scanning calorimetry. Relatively small but significant changes were found in the proportion of crystalline material within the granules and much greater differences in the spatial distribution of the crystals within the granules. In particular, granules from r and rug5 mutants do not show the characteristic 'Maltese cross' pattern when viewed under polarised light. Large differences were found between the mutants in the proportion of A-and B-type crystallites within the granules, ranging from about 60% A-type in rug3 mutants to 100% B-type in r mutant lines. It is suggested that the pea lines are an invaluable resource for answering fundamental questions on the genetic control of starch granule structure and function.

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“…Amyloplasts are a specialized type of leucoplast that serve as one of the major areas of synthesis and long term storage of starch in the growing wheat embryo. In mature seeds, more than 80% of the volume of the wheat kernel is made up of starchy endosperm [17]. In this study we set out to define and characterize the expressed proteome of wheat amyloplasts, with the aim of using the knowledge of which proteins are expressed to gain insights into the mechanisms of some of the important steps in grain filling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteomic characterization of wheat amyloplasts using identification of proteins by tandem mass spectrometry

et al. 2002

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We describe the initial characterization of the wheat amyloplast proteome, consisting of the identification and classification of 171 proteins. Whole amyloplasts and purified amyloplast membranes were prepared from wheat (Triticum aestivum). Protein extracts were examined by one-dimensional and two-dimensional electrophoresis, followed by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry of separated proteins. Tandem mass spectrometry data of individual peptides was then searched by SEQUEST, using a database containing known protein sequences from both wheat and other homologous cereal crops. Using this approach we identified 108 proteins from whole amyloplasts and 63 proteins from purified amyloplast membranes. The majority of protein identifications were derived from protein sequences from cereal crops other than wheat, for which relatively little gene sequence data is available. The highest percentage of protein identifications obtained from any individual species was 46% of the total number of proteins identified, using sequence data found in our proprietary rice (Oryza sativa) genome database.

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Starch biosynthesis.

Cited by 352 publications

References 87 publications

The Effects of Environmental Conditions on the Structural Features and Physico-chemical Properties of Starches

The Effects of Environmental Conditions on the Structural Features and Physico-chemical Properties of Starches

A Genetic Approach to Studying the Morphology, Structure and Function of Starch Granules using Pea as a Model

Proteomic characterization of wheat amyloplasts using identification of proteins by tandem mass spectrometry

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