Starch Derivatives Bearing Aromatic Sulfonated Functional Groups

Abstract

Starch derivatives with anionic functional groups have attracted a lot of attention because of their potential in the industrial applications. Commonly, anionic starch derivatives possess gelatinization temperatures lower than that of native starch, which is broadening its applications in industrial processes operated at low temperature. Here, new starch derivatives containing sulfonated functional groups are prepared through intermediate triazinyl compounds. Four different bridging compounds are synthesized and characterized via spectral analysis. The sulfonated triazinyl compounds are reacted with native starch to obtain different densities of sulfonic acid groups on the starch backbone. Native starch is reacted with mono/dichlorotriazine‐4‐aminobenzene‐sulfonic acid and mono/dichlorotriazine‐4‐aminobenzene 1,3‐disulfonic acid. The sulfonic acid groups are introduced in different degrees of substitutions (0.043, 0.032, 0.006, and 0.008) which causescharge repulsion along the starch chains and results in keeping chains stretched and therefore less affected by pH and temperature. Ultimately, the produced anionic starch derivatives possess gelatinization temperatures lower than that of native starch.

Irreversible and Self-Healing Electrically Conductive Hydrogels Made of Bio-Based Polymers

“…Natural polymers are often made of polysaccharides and proteins [ 1 ] with a huge variety in chemical structures, physical, and biological properties. Polysaccharides such as cellulose [ 2 , 3 ], chitosan [ 4 , 5 , 6 ], alginate [ 7 ], gum Arabic [ 8 ], starch [ 9 , 10 ], carrageenan [ 11 , 12 ], and hyaluronic acid [ 13 ] have been developed to different applications [ 14 , 15 , 16 ] due to their biodegradability, biocompatibility, less inflammatory response, producing eco-friendly by-products, and low cost in some cases, such as cellulose [ 17 ]. According to the hydrophilic nature of polysaccharides, they show great potentials to form hydrogels.…”

Stimuli-Free and Biocompatible Hydrogel via Hydrazone Chemistry: Synthesis, Characterization, and Bioassessment

“…Typically, such systems allow easy distribution of cells or drugs into the liquid precursors before the gelation point, in order to gel afterwards into different shapes which can fit into any defect sides . Numerous approaches have been reported to meet these requirements using different polysaccharides and their derivatives such as chitosan, starch, cellulose, alginate, hyaluronic acid, etc.…”