Starch Derivatives of High Degree of Functionalization. 7. Preparation of Cationic 2‐Hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium Chloride Starches

Heinze, Thomas; Haack, Vera; Rensing, Stephan

doi:10.1002/star.200300243

Cited by 134 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…11 This may be explained by the fact that in the first case, the charged groups are accumulated on the surface of the hemicelluloses and the diffusion of further cationic agent into the inner parts is increasingly hindered. With processes with homogeneous sequences, cationic hemicelluloses are dissolved, and the reaction on the new surface of the hemicelluloses is less impeded.…”

Section: Yield and Ds Of The Cationic Hemicellulosic Derivativesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Synthesis of cationic hemicellulosic derivatives with a low degree of substitution in dimethyl sulfoxide media

Ren

Peng

Sun

et al. 2008

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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A series of water-soluble cationic 2-hydroxylpropyltrimethylammonium hemicellulosic derivatives with low average degrees of substitution (DS's) were prepared by the incorporation of the cationic moiety 2,3-epoxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride (ETA) onto the backbone of hemicelluloses in the presence of NaOH as a nucleophilic catalyst in homogeneous dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) media. The dependence of the homogeneous reaction on the different affecting factors was investigated. The average DS was calculated from the N/C ratio in the products and from the weight gain. The degree of substitution determined by the nitrogen content (DS N ) values up to 0.25 in a one-step synthesis of the etherified hemicelluloses could be controlled by the adjustment of the amount of solvent used and the molar ratio of NaOH or ETA to the anhydromonomer units in the hemicelluloses. The structure of the cationic hemicellulosic derivatives formed was determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and further confirmed with solution-state 13 C-NMR spectroscopy. In comparison, no significant degradation of the hemicellulosic derivatives occurred during the etherification of the polymers in the homogeneous DMSO system.

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Section: Yield and Ds Of The Cationic Hemicellulosic Derivativesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Synthesis of cationic hemicellulosic derivatives with a low degree of substitution in dimethyl sulfoxide media

Ren

Peng

Sun

et al. 2008

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Reaction of corn starch with quaternary ammonium in the ionic liquid produced cationic starch with DS of 0.99 [1]. Homogenous reaction conditions using medium DMSO can increase the DS compared to heterogeneous reaction condition in ethanol/water medium [4]. Although there are several ways of obtaining cationic starches with high DS, the use of harmful solvents, difficult in purification process and high cost of solvents limits the production of the cationic starches.…”

Section: -2506mentioning

confidence: 99%

SYNTHESIS AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF CATIONIC POLYMERIC SURFACTANT FROM Dioscorea pyrifolia STARCH

Suhaimi

Ahmad²,

Lazim³

2016

MJAS

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Cationic starch-based polymeric surfactant, 2-hydroxy-3-(N,N,N-trimethylammonium)propyloxy starch (S-ETAC) from Dioscorea pyrifolia tubers, was synthesized by etherification using 2,3-epoxytrimethylammonium chloride (ETAC) in the mass ratio of ETAC/starch (St) of 0.15:1, 0.25:1, 0.5:1, 1:1, 2:1 g/g and sodium hydroxide as a catalyst in aqueous medium. The degree of substitution (DS) and reaction efficiency (RE) were calculated using the percentage of nitrogen derived from the elemental analysis. The study found that the more the ETAC used, the higher the DS (0:11 to 0.76), but the RE decreased (69% to 35%). This S-ETAC was characterized by using the solubility and swelling power tests as well as attenuated total reflectanceFourier transform infra-red (ATR -FTIR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to prove the reaction occurs at the starch structure.Keywords: cationic starch, etherification, Dioscorea pyrifolia Abstrak Surfaktan polimer berasaskan kanji kationik, kanji 2-hidroksi-3-(N,N,N-trimetilammonium)propiloksi (S-ETAC) dari ubi Dioscorea pyrifolia, telah disintesis melalui tindak balas pengeteran menggunakan 2,3-epoksitrimetilammonium klorida (ETAC) dalam nisbah jisim ETAC/kanji (St) 0.15: 1, 0.25: 1, 0.5: 1, 1: 1, 2: 1 g/g dan natrium hidroksida sebagai pemangkin dalam medium akueus. Darjah penukargantian (DS) dan kecekapan tindak balas (RE) telah dikira menggunakan peratusan nitrogen yang diperolehi daripada penganalisis unsur. Kajian ini mendapati bahawa lebih banyak ETAC yang digunakan, semakin tinggi DS (0.11 kepada 0.76), tetapi RE menurun (69% kepada 35%). S-ETAC dicirikan dengan menggunakan ujian keterlarutan dan kuasa pembengkakkan serta spektroskopi transformasi Fourier inframerah -jumlah pantulan teratenuat (FTIR -ATR), kalorimetri pengimbas pembezaan (DSC) dan pembelauan sinar-X (XRD) untuk membuktikan bahawa tindak balas berlaku pada struktur kanji.

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“…The degree of substitution (DS) calculated from the nitrogen content analyzed using a Perkin Elmer 2400 II was 0.24. 16 The tertiary ammonium starch derivative (TS) was synthesized using dimethylamine HCl instead of trimethylamine HCl. The DS was 0.12.…”

Section: Prepared Cationic Starchesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The characteristic fragment ions and visualization of cationic starches on pulp fiber using ToF‐SIMS

Matsushita¹,

Sekiguchi²,

Saito³

et al. 2007

Surface & Interface Analysis

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Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) was used to investigate the distribution of cationic starch on pulp fiber. To identify the characteristic fragment ions of the cationic starches, deuterium-labeled cationic starches were prepared and analyzed using ToF-SIMS. The starch 2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride derivative generated characteristic fragments at m/z 58 and 59, which were identified as [

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Starch Derivatives of High Degree of Functionalization. 7. Preparation of Cationic 2‐Hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium Chloride Starches

Cited by 134 publications

References 14 publications

Synthesis of cationic hemicellulosic derivatives with a low degree of substitution in dimethyl sulfoxide media

Synthesis of cationic hemicellulosic derivatives with a low degree of substitution in dimethyl sulfoxide media

SYNTHESIS AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF CATIONIC POLYMERIC SURFACTANT FROM Dioscorea pyrifolia STARCH

The characteristic fragment ions and visualization of cationic starches on pulp fiber using ToF‐SIMS

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