Starch Edible Films/Coatings Added with Carvacrol and Thymol: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

Abstract

The aim of this work was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo effectiveness of thymol and carvacrol added to edible starch films and coatings against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. In vitro evaluation consisted of determining minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of carvacrol and thymol was determined at different pH values against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. With MIC values, binary mixtures were developed. From these results, two coatings formulations were in vivo evaluated on mango and papaya. Physicochemical analysis, color change, fruit lesions and C. gloeosporioides growth were determined during storage. In vitro assay indicated that the MIC value of carvacrol and thymol against C. gloeosporioides was 1500 mg/L at pH 5. An additive effect was determined with 750/750 and 1125/375 mg/L mixtures of carvacrol and thymol, respectively. Coated fruits with selected mixtures of carvacrol and thymol presented a delay in firmness, maturity index and color change. Moreover, a fungistatic effect was observed due to a reduction of lesions in coated fruits. These results were corroborated by the increase in the lag phase value and the reduction of the growth rate. Carvacrol and thymol incorporated into edible films and coatings are able to reduce the incidence of anthracnose symptoms on mango and papaya.

Preparation and Characterization of Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Based Bioactive Composite Films Modified with Fungal Melanin and Carvacrol

“…However, the mechanisms of action of CV against Candida have been investigated in several studies and seems to exert its antifungal activity by inducing envelope, disrupting membrane integrity, and blocking ergosterol biosynthesis [33]. Fungicidal activity of starch/CV [43], polyethylene/CV [46], and polypropylene/CV [45] films, as well as polyvinyl alcohol/CV coatings [42] was reported. The literature on melanin applications to develop antimicrobial properties of polymer film is relatively limited.…”

“…This bioactive compound possesses antimicrobial properties, antioxidant, and a particular aroma which makes an attractive ingredient for certain types of foods [37,38]. Moreover, CV has been also reported to be used for modification of biopolymer [5,30,31,36,[39][40][41][42][43][44], and synthethic films [45,46].…”

Feasibility of Using Carvacrol/Starch Edible Coatings to Improve the Quality of Paipa Cheese

“…Then, both samples show an increase in the yeasts/molds growth over time reaching similar values at end of the storage. This behavior could be attributed to a burst release of carvacrol from the edible coating at the initial time, decreasing its activity on the cheese surface over time [ 40 , 41 ].…”

A Comprehensive Review on the Impact of Edible Coatings, Essential Oils, and Their Nano Formulations on Postharvest Decay Anthracnose of Avocados, Mangoes, and Papayas

“…Table 3 summarizes the recent developments in application of essential oils volatile components on the control of postharvest decay in avocado, mango and papaya. In addition, the starch film incorporated with carvacrol (750 mg L −1 ) and thymol (750 mg L −1 ) in the starch film showed complete inhibition of C. gloeosporioides (in vitro) (Ochoa-Velasco et al, 2021). The synergetic effect of the chemical constituents of essential oil components is due to the increased phenolic compounds in the molecule structure and could have facilitated the binding of these compounds to the proteins, preferably the cell membrane of the pathogens, which could have facilitated the membrane disintegration and loss of cellular content (Ochoa-Velasco et al, 2021).…”

“…In addition, the starch film incorporated with carvacrol (750 mg L −1 ) and thymol (750 mg L −1 ) in the starch film showed complete inhibition of C. gloeosporioides (in vitro) (Ochoa-Velasco et al, 2021). The synergetic effect of the chemical constituents of essential oil components is due to the increased phenolic compounds in the molecule structure and could have facilitated the binding of these compounds to the proteins, preferably the cell membrane of the pathogens, which could have facilitated the membrane disintegration and loss of cellular content (Ochoa-Velasco et al, 2021). Furthermore, an antimicrobial transparent flexible trilayer low-density polyethylene (LDPE) film containing organically modified layered double hydroxides (OLDHs) and plant bioactive TOTO showed a remarkable reduction in anthracnose disease events in Hass cultivar (Kesavan Pillai et al, 2020).…”