Starch‐graft‐(synthetic copolymer) latexes initiated with Ce⁴⁺ and stabilized by amylopectin

Abstract

A method is presented for synthesizing surfactant‐free latexes comprising starch‐graft‐(vinyl polymer) starting with a suspension of amylopectin, either native or modified, then using cerium(IV) with either potassium persulfate or glucose to create grafting sites on the starch. Latex particles comprising polystyrene, poly(styrene‐co‐(n‐butyl acrylate)) and poly(vinyl acetate) grafted onto high molecular weight amylopectin were developed, with up to 80% of the starch effectively grafted to the particles. These latexes were colloidally stable against electrolyte (several months in 4 M NaCl). Reaction rates of Ce4+ with simple sugars and polysaccharides were investigated, as well as the gelation mechanism of the latex. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 4185–4192, 2007

Preparation, characterization, and water resistance of cationic acetylated starch‐g‐poly(styrene‐butyl acrylate) surfactant‐free emulsion

“…De Bruyn et al 12 adopted ozonolyzed AP as initiator and stabilizer to initiate the graft copolymerization of St, BA, and vinyl acetate onto starch to obtain starch‐ graft ‐copolymer surfactant‐free latexes. De Bruyn et al 13 used Ce 4+ initiator and AP stabilizer to successfully produce native wx starch grafted poly(styrene‐butyl acrylate‐vinyl acetate) surfactant‐free latexes. Lu et al 14 prepared the cationic starch‐ graft ‐polyacrylamide emulsion by inverse emulsion polymerization and a subsequent Mannich reaction.…”

Modification of starch by graft copolymerization

“…Polyisoprene cannot be grafted alone on starch and needs the presence of an “initiating comonomer” such as acrylonitrile to obtain copolymers . Copolymers such as poly(styrene‐ co ‐butyl acrylate‐ co ‐vinyl acetate) and poly(acrylamide‐ co ‐2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropane sulfonic acid) can be grafted on starch using ceric ammonium nitrate/potassium persulfate and cerium sulfate/ammonium persulfate (GE = 34–90%), respectively. In these reactions, cerium (III) formed from cerium (IV) during the initiation reaction may be oxidized again by persulfate to regenerate cerium (IV).…”

Preparation and characterization of oxidized starch-graft-poly(styrene-butyl acrylate) latex via emulsion polymerization

“…The OS has been widely used as cobinders to partly replace the conventional synthetic latex for paper coating. However, the mixtures of synthetic latex with OS cause latex migration and nonuniform porosity, resulting in dusting, picking, and print mottles [6,7].…”