“…Optical properties of semiconducting carbon nanotubes (CNs), in particular, are largely determined by excitons [4,5], and can be tuned by electrostatic doping [6][7][8], or by means of the quantum confined Stark effect [9][10][11]. Trions and biexcitons, though not detectable in bulk materials at room temperature, play a significant role in quantum confined systems of reduced dimensionality such as quantum wells [12][13][14][15][16], nanowires [17][18][19][20][21], nanotubes [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33], and quantum dots [34][35][36].…”