Starlight coupling through atmospheric turbulence into few-mode fibres and photonic lanterns in the presence of partial adaptive optics correction

Diab, Momen; Dinkelaker, Aline N.; Davenport, John; Madhav, Kalaga; Roth, Martin

doi:10.1093/mnras/staa3752

Cited by 24 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…count of the wavefront sensor (WFS) subapertures and the deformable mirror (DM) actuators, is required. However, a partial correction with only a ∼ 100 actuators low-order system can already boost the coupling efficiency into single-mode fibers a 100-fold and decrease the number of channels required of the photonic lanterns for full coupling to only ∼ 10s [2].…”

Section: Starlight Coupling Into Few-mode Waveg-uidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MSPLs can reduce the number of output beams that one needs to consider as compared to conventional photonic lanterns for an equal total flux delivered. For multiplexed photonic devices [28], fewer channels also mean that the signal-to-noise ratio is improved by requiring the stacking of fewer signals in post-processing after detection [2]. The MSPL is selective across the H-band where the modal count of both ports remains the same.…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the modal content of the seeing-limited PSF increases as the telescope aperture grows or as seeing worsens, hundreds, if not thousands, of modes are required to efficiently couple all the starlight into the multimode port of the lantern which results in the signal getting split among an equal number of single-mode channels. To minimize the size of the lantern, adaptive optics (AO) may be used to first correct the received wavefront and hence reduce the modal content of the PSF to the point where only ∼ 10s of modes are required to efficiently couple the PSF of a ground-based large telescope into a multiplexed photonic device [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simulations of mode-selective photonic lanterns for efficient coupling of starlight into the single-mode regime

et al. 2021

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In ground-based astronomy, starlight distorted by the atmosphere couples poorly into single-mode waveguides but a correction by adaptive optics, even if only partial, can boost coupling into the few-mode regime allowing the use of photonic lanterns to convert into multiple single-mode beams. Corrected wavefronts result in focal patterns that couple mostly with the circularly symmetric waveguide modes. A mode-selective photonic lantern is hence proposed to convert the multimode light into a subset of the single-mode waveguides of the standard photonic lantern, thereby reducing the required number of outputs. We ran simulations to show that only two out of the six waveguides of a 1 × 6 photonic lantern carry > 95% of the coupled light to the outputs at D/r 0 < 10 if the wavefront is partially corrected and the photonic lantern is made mode-selective.

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Section: Starlight Coupling Into Few-mode Waveg-uidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Conclusion and Future Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simulations of mode-selective photonic lanterns for efficient coupling of starlight into the single-mode regime

et al. 2021

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“…Instead, unrealistic approximations were used-such as flux being evenly distributed between all outputs regardless of WFE. 37 Using the NN models described here, this can be done in near realtime. Fig.…”

Section: Response To Seeingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning the Lantern: Neural network applications to broadband photonic lantern modelling

Sweeney,

Norris,

Tuthill

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Photonic lanterns allow the decomposition of highly multimodal light into a simplified modal basis such as single-moded and/or few-moded. They are increasingly finding uses in astronomy, optics and telecommunications. Calculating propagation through a photonic lantern using traditional algorithms takes ∼ 1 hour per simulation on a modern CPU. This paper demonstrates that neural networks can bridge the disparate opto-electronic systems, and when trained can achieve a speed-up of over 5 orders of magnitude. We show that this approach can be used to model photonic lanterns with manufacturing defects as well as successfully generalising to polychromatic data. We demonstrate two uses of these neural network models, propagating seeing through the photonic lantern as well as performing global optimisation for purposes such as photonic lantern funnels and photonic lantern nullers.

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“…The high‐frame rate and low readout noise values make this system optimal for both fringe tracking and wavefront sensing. At innoFSPEC in the Leibniz‐Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam (AIP), there are several development projects in the field of astrophotonics that profit from these characteristics, that is, the implementation of photonic beam combiners for astronomical interferometry in the infrared range to produce a stable setup and enable precise and higher resolution imaging (Berger et al 2001); and the combination of low‐order adaptive optics (LOAO) and photonic lanterns technology to improve the coupling efficiency of starlight into the fiber (Diab et al 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of a C‐RED One camera for astrophotonical applications

Vješnica,

Hernandez,

Madhav

et al. 2023

Astron Nachr

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To better understand the impact of the avalanche gain applied in the detector technology and apply this technology in our in‐house astrophotonic projects, we have characterized a C‐RED One camera and produced a stable and reliable method for calculating the system gain at any desired avalanche gain setting. We observed that depending on how the system gain is obtained, multiplying the system gain times the avalanche gain may not accurately produce a conversion factor from electrons to ADUs. As the acquisition of a photon transfer curve (PTC) was possible at different avalanche gain levels, several PTCs at low avalanche gain levels were acquired. Consequently, a linear fit was produced from the acquired system gain as a function of the avalanche gain setting. Through the linear fit, the effective system gain was calculated at any desired avalanche level. The effective system gain makes possible to accurately calculate the initial system gain without the ambiguity introduced by the nonlinearity of the system. Besides, the impact of the avalanche gain on the dynamic range was also analyzed and showed a stable behavior through the measured avalanche range.

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Starlight coupling through atmospheric turbulence into few-mode fibres and photonic lanterns in the presence of partial adaptive optics correction

Cited by 24 publications

References 45 publications

Simulations of mode-selective photonic lanterns for efficient coupling of starlight into the single-mode regime

Simulations of mode-selective photonic lanterns for efficient coupling of starlight into the single-mode regime

Learning the Lantern: Neural network applications to broadband photonic lantern modelling

Characterization of a C‐RED One camera for astrophotonical applications

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