“…For example, in the WfM area, workflow processes have been described with various Petri-net, directed graph, formal grammar, etc. based formalisms, among which some representative ones include wOrlds [3], IBM WebSphere MQ Workflow [12], Staffware [25], WFnet [29], FLOWer [30], WASA 2 [33]; in the PSEE area, more than a dozen process languages [1], including SPADE-1 [2], Little-JIL [4], CSPL [5], EPOS [6], E 3 [13], HFSP [14], OIKOS [21], APPL/A [26], have been developed; in the BPR area, representative work includes Process Handbook [20], and Process Access Library [10] for systematic business process modeling and analyzing. These efforts have deepened substantially the understandings of processes and produced many interesting process management mechanisms and systems.…”