Startle magnitude and prepulse inhibition: effects of alcohol and attention

Hutchison, Kent E.; McGeary, John E.; Wooden, Angela; Blumenthal, Terry D.; Ito, Tiffany A.

doi:10.1007/s00213-002-1332-7

Cited by 29 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Moreover, a significant association between startle magnitude after alcohol consumption and the frequency of drinking alcohol has been shown [70]. The acoustic startle reflex also seems to be reduced in sons of alcoholics, independently of comorbid anxious disorders [179].…”

Section: The Startle Responsementioning

confidence: 96%

Chronic alcoholism: Insights from neurophysiology

Campanella¹,

Petit²,

Maurage³

et al. 2009

Neurophysiologie Clinique/Clinical Neurophysiology

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SummaryIntroduction. -Increasing knowledge of the anatomical structures and cellular processes underlying psychiatric disorders may help bridge the gap between clinical signs and basic physiological processes. Accordingly, considerable insight has been gained in recent years into a common psychiatric condition, i.e., chronic alcoholism. Material and methods. -We reviewed various physiological parameters that are altered in chronic alcoholic patients compared to healthy individuals -continuous electroencephalogram, oculomotor measures, cognitive event-related potentials and event-related oscillations -to identify links between these physiological parameters, altered cognitive processes and specific clinical symptoms. Results. -Alcoholic patients display: (1) high beta and theta power in the resting electroencephalogram, suggesting hyperarousal of their central nervous system; (2) abnormalities in smooth pursuit eye movements, in saccadic inhibition during antisaccade tasks, and in prepulse inhibition, suggesting disturbed attention modulation and abnormal patterns of prefrontal activation that may stem from the same prefrontal ''inhibitory'' cortical dysfunction; (3) decreased amplitude for cognitive event-related potentials situated along the continuum of informationprocessing, suggesting that alcoholism is associated with neurophysiological deficits at the level of the sensory cortex and not only disturbances involving associative cortices and limbic structures; and (4) decreased theta, gamma and delta oscillations, suggesting cognitive disinhibition at a functional level. Discussion. -The heterogeneity of alcoholic disorders in terms of symptomatology, course and outcome is the result of various pathophysiological processes that physiological parameters * Corresponding author. E-mail address: salvatore.campanella@chu-brugmann.be (S. Campanella).

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Section: The Startle Responsementioning

confidence: 96%

Chronic alcoholism: Insights from neurophysiology

Campanella¹,

Petit²,

Maurage³

et al. 2009

Neurophysiologie Clinique/Clinical Neurophysiology

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“…For instance, ethanol administration was observed to disrupt PPI in ethanol-preferring (P) but not in non-preferring (NP) rats (Jones et al 2000). In humans, ethanol has been reported to be associated with a disruption of PPI (Hutchison et al 2003;Grillon et al 2000), an effect found by the Grillon et al (2000) group only among children of alcoholics and not among control subjects. Given the age-related vulnerability of adolescents to high levels of ethanol consumption, the present study was designed to test the hypothesis that adolescent animals might be more sensitive to ethanolinduced disruption of PPI than adult animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Effects of acute ethanol or amphetamine administration on the acoustic startle response and prepulse inhibition in adolescent and adult rats

Brunell

Spear

2006

Psychopharmacology

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“…Based on the hypothesis that nicotine facilitates information processing and attention, we predicted that the abstinent smokers would show reduced PPI compared to the two other groups. In addition, because PPI is affected by attention to the prepulse, we built an attend/ignore-the-prepulse instruction into the design of the present study (Hutchison et al 2003) …”

Section: The Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%