Starvation and the size structure of zooplankton communities*

second editionDynamic Energy Budget theory unifies the commonalities between organisms as prescribed by the implications of energetics, which link different levels of biological organization (cells, organisms and populations). The theory presents simple mechanistic rules that describe the uptake and use of energy and nutrients and the consequences for physiological organization throughout an organism's life cycle, including the relationships between energetics and aging and the effects of toxicants. In this new edition, the theory is broadened to encompass the fluxes of both energy and mass. All living organisms are now covered in a single quantitative framework, the predictions of which are tested against a wide variety of experimental results at the various levels of biological organization. The theory explains many general observations, such as the body size scaling relationships of certain physiological traits, and provides a theoretical basis for the widely used method of indirect calorimetry. In each case, the theory is developed in elementary mathematical terms, but a more detailed discussion of the methodological aspects of mathematical modelling is also included, making the book suitable for biologists and mathematicians with a broad interest in both fundamental and applied quantitative problems in biology.Bas Kooijman is Professor of Applied Theoretical Biology at the Vrije Universiteit in Amsterdam and is also head of the University's Department of Theoretical Biology. His research focuses on mathematical biology, in particular ecotoxicology which provided the framework for the original version of his Dynamic Energy Budget theory published in 1993 (Dynamic Energy Budgets in Biological Systems -Theory and Applications in Ecotoxicology). From the first edition:"This book is an excellent scientific product that informs and forces contemplation of issues relating to population and community ecology. The author has made a complex subject coherent." Thomas G. Hallam, Bulletin of Mathematical Biology "... a very useful and general tool to select more ecologically sound process equations and parameters in ecological models." Sven Erik Jørgensen, Ecological Modelling "The author has made a significant contribution to the problem of modelling the dynamics of biological populations at the level of the individual by synthesizing this very complicated subject into a relatively short list of general assumptions and putting the energetics of sub-models for vital rates on a solid basis." Jim Cushing, Mathematical Biosciences "The family of idealized models offered in this book is capable of playing a role analogous to that of Lotka-Volterra models in population dynamics ... I am confident that any model(s) capable of occupying this niche will be strongly influenced by the ideas in this book." Roger Nisbet, Ecology 9 LIVING TOGETHER Interaction between organisms: The spectrum from competition to preypredator systems. Evaluation of the consequences of the DEB model for population dynamics, food chains, and communities....

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“…They are thus proportional to volume 1/3 . Threlkeld [921] found a scaling exponent of 1/4, but 1/3 also fits the data well.…”

Section: Starvationmentioning

confidence: 84%

Dynamic Energy and Mass Budgets in Biological Systems

Kooijman

2000

800

1,202

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“…2B). Smaller newborns have a lower resistance to starvation (Threlkeld 1976), and hence the competitive abilities of these animals would be lower (e.g. Gliwicz and Lampert 1990).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predator‐induced life‐history changes and the coexistence of five taxa in a Daphnia species complex

Spaak

Vanoverbeke²,

Boersma

2000

Oikos

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Interspecific hybridization is common in water fleas of the Daphnia galeata species complex (e.g. D. galeata, D. cucullata, D. hyalina and their interspecific hybrids). We studied the effect of fish on the life histories of five taxa of this species complex originating from the Plußsee, northern Germany. Using four clones per taxon, we found that fish kairomones reduce size at birth and size at maturity significantly. For size at maturity larger taxa showed a significantly stronger reaction to fish kairomones than the smaller taxa. With respect to the intrinsic rate of increase, r, we compared two predation regimes (positive size selective and not selective). We found that under the fish predation regime most clones had a higher r when cultured with fish kairomones, leading to a higher r, and a stronger reaction for the smaller taxa. We conclude that fish predation might be an important factor influencing the co-occurrence of Daphnia parental taxa with their hybrids.

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“…Bradley et al, 1991;Ebert & Yampolsky, 1993;Stibor, 1995). This means that the timelag between the determination of the weight of the offspring and their release from the broodchamber is 1.6 instar durations, typically around 5.5 days at 20 C. Larger offspring have higher starvation resistance (Threlkeld, 1976;Tessier et al, 1983), and as a result of the shape of the curves relating parental fitness with effort per offspring (see also Smith & Fretwell, 1974), the parental fitness loss of producing offspring which are slightly heavier than would be optimal is much lower than the fitness loss associated with the production of offspring which are slightly lighter than the optimal weight. As the likelihood of deteriorating food conditions is obviously greater at high than at low food levels, the advantage of producing larger-thanoptimal-sized offspring is also larger under high food conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Offspring size in Daphnia: does it pay to be overweight?

Boersma

1997

Cladocera: The Biology of Model Organisms

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Variation in offspring size and number has been described for a wide range of organisms. In this study I investigated the relationship between resource level of the mother and size of her offspring in the cladoceran Daphnia magna, in order to assess whether offspring produced at different food levels are optimal in size for these food levels. Optimal offspring size was defined as the size of offspring that yields the highest parental fitness (i.e. offspring of optimal size have the highest juvenile fitness per unit maternal effort invested in them). I observed that especially at the higher food levels, daphnids produced offspring that are larger than the computed optimal offspring size at these food levels. I interpret this as a mechanism to avoid starvation of neonates in the case of suddenly deteriorating food conditions.

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Starvation and the size structure of zooplankton communities*

Cited by 173 publications

References 40 publications

Dynamic Energy and Mass Budgets in Biological Systems

Dynamic Energy and Mass Budgets in Biological Systems

Predator‐induced life‐history changes and the coexistence of five taxa in a Daphnia species complex

Offspring size in Daphnia: does it pay to be overweight?

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