Starvation-induced Changes of Hemocyte Parameters in the Zhikong Scallop Chlamys farreri

Maintenance of Genetic Variation in Immune Defense of a Freshwater Snail: Role of Environmental Heterogeneity

“…Our results showing a weaker immune defense in food limited snails are in line with earlier studies suggesting that especially the amount (e.g., Murray et al 1998; Wiehn and Korpimäki 1998; Krasnov et al 2005; Kolluru et al 2006) and quality (Slater and Keymer 1986; Lee et al 2006) of consumed food determine the efficiency of host immune defense (including molluscs; Butt et al 2007; Xu et al 2008). This is probably because nutrient limitation reduces the amount of resources that can be allocated to immune system (Feder et al 1997; Jokela et al 2000; Siva‐Jothy and Thompson 2002).…”

Seasonal Variations of Water Temperature, Food Availability, Size, and Reproduction on the Hemocyte Parameters in the ScallopChlamys farreri

“…On the other hand, the activity of intrahemocytic enzymes of bivalves is used increasingly to assess the hostÕs physiological and immunological status (Auffret et al 2006). Taken as a whole, high levels of intrahemocytic enzyme activity indicate a good immune capability (Galloway & Depledge 2001, Duchemin et al 2007, Lin et al 2011, and a decrease of intrahemocytic enzyme activity is usually observed in laboratory studies as a response of hemocyte disturbances resulting from in vivo or in vitro exposures to environmental stresses and pathogenic microbes (Butt et al 2007, Chen et al 2007b, Xu et al 2008, Morga et al 2009). Consequently, the current results give evidence of a prosperous immune status during spring and early summer, and a depressed one during summer and early autumn in C. farreri.…”

“…Low values of THC and GP are considered widely to be a sign of disturbance in the oysters Crassostrea virginica (La Peyre et al 1995) and Saccostrea glomerata (Butt et al 2007), the mussel Mytilus edulis (Pipe & Coles 1995, Parry & Pipe 2004, the clam Mactra veneriformis (Yu et al 2009), and C. farreri (Chen et al 2007a, Xu et al 2008). On the other hand, the activity of intrahemocytic enzymes of bivalves is used increasingly to assess the hostÕs physiological and immunological status (Auffret et al 2006).…”

Tissue-Specific and Time-Dependent Expressions of PC4s in Bay Scallop (Argopecten irradians irradians) Reveal Function Allocation in Thermal Response

“…Similar phenomena have also been observed in the research of heat shock proteins in bay scallops ( AiHSP70 and AiHSP90 ) [ 28 , 95 ] in response to thermal stress, suggesting that the functional diversity of the above gene members coincides with thermal stress. The mantles were considered the first barrier against the adverse external environment [ 96 ], and hemocytes were the main cell mediator in molluscan internal defenses [ 97 ]. The two functional, closely related tissues interact with each other and might be involved in immune regulation through DNA repair for cell homeostasis maintenance in heat stress, which is reflected by the display of similar expression regulations of each AiPC4 at different challenging time points between mantles and hemocytes.…”