STAT vs. CAT: A pilot comparison after a video demonstration

Carius, Brandon M; Tapia, Ashley D; Uhaa, Nguvan; Johnson, Sarah A.; Cuenca, Camaren M.; Lauby, Ryann S; Schauer, Steven G

doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2021.01.017

Cited by 1 publication

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Additionally, the CAT demonstrated significantly greater occlusion pressure, less blood volume loss, and better user feedback, all favoring the CAT. These findings support those found in the previous limited pilot study [ 18 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Suboptimal occlusion pressures demonstrated by the STAT in this sample population could potentiate these complications. While the previous pilot study found a median occlusion pressure of 216 mm Hg with the STAT, pressures registered as low as 113 mm Hg, which is slightly higher than the average pressure demonstrated in this population [ 18 ]. This could be in part due to different demographics within a sample population approximately nine times larger than the pilot study, including a greater diversity of age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…Volunteers then viewed a brief standardized instructional video on the proper application of their respective device created by the tourniquet manufacturer [ 19 , 20 ]. These videos were shortened and standardized to 60 seconds to only show instructions of device application and eliminate any promotion of individual device benefits so as to reduce bias, identical to previously published literature [ 18 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A burgeoning market for prehospital medical care motivates continuous innovation and evolution of materials and device mechanics, and many are sold without formal evaluation or review by authoritative bodies [ 18 ]. This growing list of devices purchased primarily through an open internet marketplace continues without significant scientific testing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Success was defined as the absence of a posterior tibialis pulse. A small pilot study of 13 layperson volunteers found significantly lower median arterial occlusion pressures with the STAT compared to the CAT (216 mm Hg vs. 354 mm Hg), as well as lower rates of successful application (20% vs. 67%) [ 18 ]. To date, no other comparative evidence exists evaluating arterial occlusion efficacy or documented application success.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Smart Tactical Application Tourniquet Versus Combat Application Tourniquet: Comparing Layperson Applications for Arterial Occlusion After a Video Demonstration

Gabbitas,

Carius

2023

Cureus

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Background: Tourniquet efficacy for extremity hemorrhage is well established, although literature demonstrates variable first responder application efficacy. Several newer models, including the Smart Tactical Application Tourniquet (STAT, STAT Medical Devices, LLC, Freehold, New Jersey), offer alternatives to well-established devices like the Combat Application Tourniquet (CAT, C-A-T Resources, LLC, Rock Hill, South Carolina). Newer models are commercially sold without significant literature regarding efficacy or user feedback. We developed a pilot study to compare CAT and STAT applications for layperson hemorrhage control efficacy after a brief, standardized instructional video.Study design and methods: This is a prospective randomized observational study that utilized layperson volunteers for the application of STAT or CAT. After a demographic survey, volunteers were randomized and watched the respective tourniquet instructional video, then applied the tourniquet to a HapMed hemorrhage simulator. The application was assessed for trial time, time to hemorrhage control, occlusion pressure, and total blood loss. Investigators also evaluated volunteers for proper application and received user feedback.Results: Eighty-four total volunteers (42 CAT, 42 STAT) completed testing. Volunteers applied the CAT (50.0%, n = 21) with significantly greater rates of success than the STAT (0%, n = 0, p < 0.001). The CAT demonstrated significantly greater average occlusion pressure compared to the STAT (409.9 mm Hg vs. 116.5 mm Hg, p < 0.001). Similarly, CAT application resulted in significantly less average blood loss compared to the STAT (577.8 mL vs. 974.6 mL, p < 0.001). On the 5-point Likert scale, volunteers reported significantly higher benefits from video instruction and comfort with tourniquet application with the CAT over the STAT (4.7 vs. 4.0, p < 0.001, 4.0 vs. 2.4, p < 0.001).Conclusions: When performed by laypersons with minimal video instruction, the CAT was applied with significantly higher rates of success, higher mean occlusion pressures, reduced blood loss, and higher enduser ratings than the STAT.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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