State and trait anxiety and depression in mothers of children with ADHD

Family Functioning Style as a Predictor of the Quality of Cognitive Functioning of Primary School Students With ADHD

“…Undoubtedly, the presence of ADHD in a child hinders the provision of optimal emotional and social conditions necessary for raising children in a family ( V. A. Harpin, 2005 ; Montes & Montes, 2021 ; Wymbs et al, 2017 ). Many studies have confirmed that families in which children with ADHD are raised are characterized by a higher level of conflict in the parent-child relationship and between siblings ( Anastopoulos et al, 2009 ; Deault, 2010 ), parental stress ( Ben-Naim et al, 2019 ; Theule et al, 2013 ), less effective parenting strategies ( Gau, 2007 ; McLaughlin & Harrison, 2006 ; Montes & Montes, 2021 ; Wymbs et al, 2017 ), higher risk of mental disorders in the side of parents ( Deault, 2010 ; Wolafnczyk et al, 2014 ), and lower marital satisfaction ( Ben-Naim et al, 2019 ). Longitudinal studies conducted with children in early and middle childhood showed that a lower level of parental sensitivity, a positive attitude toward the child on the part of the mother, and a higher level of intrusive behavior on the part of parents resulted in a greater manifestation of ADHD symptoms later in the child’s development ( Keown, 2012 ).…”