State-Based Delay Representation and Its Transfer from a Game of Pong to Reaching and Tracking

Avraham, Guy; Leib, Raz; Pressman, Assaf; Simó, Lucia S.; Karniel, Amir; Shmuelof, Lior; Mussa-Ivaldi, Ferdinando A.; Nisky, Ilana

doi:10.1523/eneuro.0179-17.2017

Cited by 21 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…We find that adaptation of movements to a novel walking situation results in the recalibration of internal representations for predictive control of locomotion; which are expressed as robust after-effects in temporal and spatial movement features. This is consistent with the idea that the motor system forms internal representations of space (Marigold and Drew, 2017) and time (Avraham et al, 2017; Breska and Ivry, 2018; Drew and Marigold, 2015) for predictive motor control. Several behavioral studies suggest separate recalibration of these internal representations of space and time in locomotion because spatial and timing measures exhibit different adaptation rates in the mature motor system (Malone and Bastian, 2010; Darmohray et al, 2019) throughout development (Vasudevan et al, 2011; Patrick et al, 2014) or healthy aging (Sombric et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Explicit control of step timing during split-belt walking reveals interdependent recalibration of movements in space and time

Gonzalez-Rubio

Velasquez

Torres-Oviedo

2019

Preprint

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2Split-belt treadmills that move the legs at different speeds are thought to update internal 3 representations of the environment, such that this novel condition generates a new locomotor 4 pattern with distinct spatio-temporal features compared to those of regular walking. It is unclear 5 the degree to which such recalibration of movements in the spatial and temporal domains 6 is interdependent. In this study, we explicitly altered subjects' limb motion in either space or 7 time during split-belt walking to determine its impact on the adaptation of the other domain. 8 Interestingly, we observed that motor adaptation in the spatial domain was susceptible to altering 9 the temporal domain, whereas motor adaptation in the temporal domain was resilient to modifying 10 the spatial domain. This nonreciprocal relation suggests a hierarchical organization such that the 11 control of timing in locomotion has an effect on the control of limb position. This is of translational 12 interest because clinical populations often have a greater deficit in one domain compared to 13 the other. Our results suggest that explicit changes to temporal deficits cannot occur without 14 modifying the spatial control of the limb. 15 16 21representations of the treadmill for the control of the limb in space and time (Malone et al., 2012). There is 22 a clinical interest in understanding the interdependence in the control of these two aspects of movement 23 because pathological gait often has a greater deficiency in one domain compared to the other (Finley et al., 24 2015; Malone and Bastian, 2014). Thus, there is a translational interest to determine if spatial and temporal 25 asymmetries in clinical populations can be targeted and treated independently. 26 Ample evidence supports that the adaptation, and hence control, of spatial and temporal gait features 27 is dissociable. Notably, studies have shown that inter-limb measures such as step timing (temporal) and 28 step position (spatial) adapt at different rates (Sombric et al., 2017; Malone and Bastian, 2010), they 29 exhibit different generalization patterns (Torres-Oviedo and Bastian, 2010), and follow distinct adaptation 30 dynamics throughout development (Vasudevan et al., 2011; Patrick et al., 2014) or healthy aging (Sombric 31 et al., 2017). In addition, several behavioral studies show that subjects' adjustment of spatial metrics 32 can be altered (Malone and Bastian, 2010; Malone et al., 2012; Long et al., 2016) without modifying 33 the adaptation of temporal gait features. However, the opposite has not been demonstrated. For example, 34 altering intra-limb measures (i.e., characterizing single leg motion) of timing such as stance time duration 35 (Afzal et al., 2015; Krishnan et al., 2016) also leads to changes in intra-limb spatial features such as stride 36 lengths. In sum, the spatial and temporal control of the limb is thought to be dissociable, but it remains 37 unclear if the adaptation of internal representations of timing can be altered and what...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Explicit control of step timing during split-belt walking reveals interdependent recalibration of movements in space and time

Gonzalez-Rubio

Velasquez

Torres-Oviedo

2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Time delays are a result of sensory information transmission and processing time, and they may vary between modalities (Hopfield, 1995 ). Previous studies investigated how the sensorimotor system compensates for differences in the spatial representations between the left and right workspaces (Heilman and Valenstein, 1979 ; Ziemann and Hallett, 2001 ; Koch et al, 2011 ), and for the delays between the different modalities (Miall et al, 1985 ; Miall and Jackson, 2006 ; Pressman et al, 2007 ; Di Luca et al, 2011 ; Nisky et al, 2011 ; Honda et al, 2012 ; Rohde et al, 2014 ; Avraham et al, 2017a ; Farshchian et al, 2018 ). In this study, we use adaptation and transfer of adaptation paradigms to examine the interplay between these two compensatory processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neglect-Like Effects on Drawing Symmetry Induced by Adaptation to a Laterally Asymmetric Visuomotor Delay

Avraham

Mussa-Ivaldi

et al. 2018

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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In daily interactions, our sensorimotor system accounts for spatial and temporal discrepancies between the senses. Functional lateralization between hemispheres causes differences in attention and in the control of action across the left and right workspaces. In addition, differences in transmission delays between modalities affect movement control and internal representations. Studies on motor impairments such as hemispatial neglect syndrome suggested a link between lateral spatial biases and temporal processing. To understand this link, we computationally modeled and experimentally validated the effect of laterally asymmetric delay in visual feedback on motor learning and its transfer to the control of drawing movements without visual feedback. In the behavioral experiments, we asked healthy participants to perform lateral reaching movements while adapting to delayed visual feedback in either left, right, or both workspaces. We found that the adaptation transferred to blind drawing and caused movement elongation, which is consistent with a state representation of the delay. However, the pattern of the spatial effect varied between conditions: whereas adaptation to delay in only the left workspace or in the whole workspace caused selective leftward elongation, adaptation to delay in only the right workspace caused drawing elongation in both directions. We simulated arm movements according to different models of perceptual and motor spatial asymmetry in the representation of delay and found that the best model that accounts for our results combines both perceptual and motor asymmetry between the hemispheres. These results provide direct evidence for an asymmetrical processing of delayed visual feedback that is associated with both perceptual and motor biases that are similar to those observed in hemispatial neglect syndrome.

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“…In the case of our study, even though the task scenes were completely different (mobile vs. static targets), the transfer of an internal model for a common distortion was detected; the latter suggests less sensibility to the changes in the environment for the adapted internal model. This kind of inter‐task transference has been recently documented (Avraham et al., ) and suggests a predominance of the intrinsic frame of reference (hand‐cursor coupling) over the extrinsic one (position of target in the scene) in the visuomotor remapping process, without ruling out the influence of the environment in the adaptation of limb internal models (Brayanov, Press, & Smith, ; Poh, Carroll, & de Rugy, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Parallel learning processes of a visuomotor adaptation task in a changing environment

Mariman

Burgos

Maldonado

2018

Eur J of Neuroscience

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During the control of reaching movements, a key contribution of the visual system is the localization of relevant environmental targets. In motor adaptation processes, the visual evaluation of effector motor behavior enables learning from errors, which demands continuous visual attentional focus. However, most current adaptation paradigms include static targets; therefore, when a learning situation develops in a highly variable environment and there is a double demand for visual resources (environment and motor performance), the evolution of learning processes is unknown. In order to understand how learning processes evolve in a variable environment, a video game task was designed in which subjects were asked to manage a 60° counterclockwise‐rotated cursor to capture descending targets with initially unpredictable trajectories. During the task, the cursor and eye movements were recorded to dissect visuomotor coordination. We observed that the pursuit of the targets conditioned a predominant and continuous visual inspection of the environment instead of the rotated cursor. As learning progressed, subjects exhibited a linear reduction in directional error and selected a motor strategy based on the degree of reward, which improved the performance. These results suggest that when the environment demands high visual attention, error‐based and reinforced motor learning processes are implemented simultaneously, thus enabling efficient predictive behavior.

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State-Based Delay Representation and Its Transfer from a Game of Pong to Reaching and Tracking

Cited by 21 publications

References 107 publications

Explicit control of step timing during split-belt walking reveals interdependent recalibration of movements in space and time

Explicit control of step timing during split-belt walking reveals interdependent recalibration of movements in space and time

Neglect-Like Effects on Drawing Symmetry Induced by Adaptation to a Laterally Asymmetric Visuomotor Delay

Parallel learning processes of a visuomotor adaptation task in a changing environment

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