State Biotechnology and Genomic Development: Critical Resources and Barriers

Abstract

This article describes the development of an index of state biotechnology and genomic development and the cluster analysis used to group U.S. states based on their level of development in each area. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) is then used to test hypotheses regarding statistically significant differences between the biotechnology/ genomic development clusters and variables related to states' workforce, investment in research and development (R&D), and policy environment. The authors find statistically significant results in the areas of workforce education, migration of knowledge workers, industrial and nonindustrial R&D, and policy to promote the development of the biotechnology industry. While the MANOVA for policies placing limits on the development of biotechnology policy did not yield statistical significance, the authors argue that the finding deserves further study as it may indicate some states' willingness to strike a more sustainable balance between support and regulation.

Reflections on the Success Biology Entrepreneurship: A Case Study of Developing Student Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy

“…Biological entrepreneurship refers to developing and applying biotechnological, life science, and biomedical science innovations in business [1]. This includes founding companies, developing biology-based products, and understanding the business aspects of the biotechnology and biological sciences industries [2]. As technology advances and discoveries in the field of biology advance, entrepreneurship in the field of biology becomes increasingly essential in connecting science with markets and societal needs.…”