State, Church and Voluntarism in European Welfare, 1690–1850

Religion, Social Welfare and Social Policy in the UK: Historical, Theoretical and Policy Perspectives

“…The spread of Calvinism and Lutheranism across Northern Europe in the sixteenth century saw the emergence of more secular forms of political rule taking root, thereby requiring new forms of public social welfare to replace the old system of poor relief that was administered by the medieval Catholic Church. Cunningham (1998) and Innes (1998) note that from this period up until the mid-eighteenth century, there was no real separation between state and non-state action in the social welfare realm. Cunningham (1998) and Innes (1998) note that from this period up until the mid-eighteenth century, there was no real separation between state and non-state action in the social welfare realm.…”

“…According to Innes (1998) therefore, the Reformation was crucial in setting European countries on specific social policy trajectories, as a mainly Protestant North and a Catholic South. The main features of this Protestant/Catholic divide in welfare provision were that in the former welfare was mainly co-ordinated by the state through local, municipal or parochial bodies, and in the latter the church continued to dominate welfare provision through religious orders and confraternities (Innes, 1998: 21).…”

“…According to Innes (1998) therefore, the Reformation was crucial in setting European countries on specific social policy trajectories, as a mainly Protestant North and a Catholic South. The main features of this Protestant/Catholic divide in welfare provision were that in the former welfare was mainly co-ordinated by the state through local, municipal or parochial bodies, and in the latter the church continued to dominate welfare provision through religious orders and confraternities (Innes, 1998: 21). Innes (1998) further notes that the practice of institutional care for the ‘impotent’ poor (the young, old, sick, homeless and vulnerable) was also begun by the church and later developed into poorhouses or ‘hospitals’ in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.…”

“…The main features of this Protestant/Catholic divide in welfare provision were that in the former welfare was mainly co-ordinated by the state through local, municipal or parochial bodies, and in the latter the church continued to dominate welfare provision through religious orders and confraternities (Innes, 1998: 21). Innes (1998) further notes that the practice of institutional care for the ‘impotent’ poor (the young, old, sick, homeless and vulnerable) was also begun by the church and later developed into poorhouses or ‘hospitals’ in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Christian understandings of morality, social order and rehabilitation of the poor through education and religious faith underpinned the key changes taking place at this time in relation to social welfare in Britain.…”

Middlemen in the Chinese Welfare State: The Role of Philanthropists in Refugee Relief in Wartime Shanghai

“…State-financed, privately administered programs are especially widespread in the advanced industrial countries (Wang 2006;Salamon 1995). The only combination that is rare in the contemporary world is the privately financed, state-administered partnership, although it was once very common in early modern Europe (Innes 1998).…”