State Formation Under International Supervision and the Construction of Hierarchies in National Membership: A Balkan Story

Spanu, Maja

doi:10.1201/9780429354496-3

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 1 publication

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The static elements include the subject element, the object element and the rule element [3]. In the process of inner-party supervision, the static elements are clearly defined, so they are relatively stable, and are related to each other by the occurrence of supervision behavior.…”

Section: Static Elements Of Inner-party Supervision Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multidimensional Analysis on the Construction of Inner-Party Supervision System

Ma¹

2021

JFCR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the new era, it is necessary to build a comprehensive, authoritative and efficient supervision system. We will further develop the basic theoretical system of the party's internal supervision, explore specific ways to improve its supervision ability and quality, and thoroughly study and implement the important spirit of the 19th national people's Congress. The key to the construction of the operation mechanism system of the party's internal supervision lies in taking Marxism and the theoretical system of socialism with Chinese characteristics as the "point" and the historical experience and practical application of the party's internal supervision as the "line". In the process of the research on the combination of point and line, the basic contents of the theory of the party's internal supervision and operation organization in the new era are more specific. When encountering new situations and problems, we carefully analyze and solve them. In the process of practice, effective experience is screened out to realize the link between the theoretical system and the construction of the system model.

show abstract

Section: Static Elements Of Inner-party Supervision Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multidimensional Analysis on the Construction of Inner-Party Supervision System

Ma¹

2021

JFCR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…After World War I this happened through the Minority Treaties. In the 1990s it happened through the Legal Opinions of the Arbitration Commission of the Peace Conference on Yugoslavia, also known as Badinter Committee, whereby some groups were granted greater international recognition and rights, over others (Caplan, 2005; Spanu, 2019). In both cases, clearly defined groups of actors delineated the expectations and understandings of self-determination.…”

Section: The Argumentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The combination of domestic hierarchical conceptions of national membership with contradictory international norms did have serious consequences on domestic discrimination and exclusion (Spanu, 2019). The treaty did not prevent state officials from inaugurating practices of hierarchical membership that favoured specific groups at the expense of others (Kamusella, 2009: 251; Ramet, 2006: 50–51).…”

Section: Self-determination Minority Treaties and Hierarchies After mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yet, exclusions and hierarchies in the recognition and allocation of rights and the treatment of domestic groups were frequently established domestically, sometimes in the name of international standards (Fink, 1995(Fink, , 2004Weitz, 2008). To some extent, exclusions in the new states followed the lines of old membership categories inherited from the imperial politics of recognition (Spanu, 2019). Moreover, the international recognition of certain minorities over others facilitated the setting up, by state officials, of hierarchical forms of domestic membership.…”

Section: The Contradicting Grounds Of the Minority Treatiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whilst the Kingdom was formed on the basis of citizens' equality, in 1919, the four minority groups to be granted international recognition were the Bulgarians, Austrians, Hungarians and 'Muslims' (most probably including Muslims from Bosnia, the Goranis and the Torbesh, although this was not specified). 13 The combination of domestic hierarchical conceptions of national membership with contradictory international norms did have serious consequences on domestic discrimination and exclusion (Spanu, 2019). The treaty did not prevent state officials from inaugurating practices of hierarchical membership that favoured specific groups at the expense of others (Kamusella, 2009: 251;Ramet, 2006: 50-51).…”

Section: The Case Of the Treaty Of Saint-germain For The Kingdom Of Ymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The hierarchical society: the politics of self-determination and the constitution of new states after 1919

Spanu

2019

European Journal of International Relations

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

International Relations scholarship disconnects the history of the so-called expansion of international society from the presence of hierarchies within it. In contrast, this article argues that these developments may in fact be premised on hierarchical arrangements whereby new states are subject to international tutelage as the price of acceptance to international society. It shows that hierarchies within international society are deeply entrenched with the politics of self-determination as international society expands. I substantiate this argument with primary and secondary material on the Minority Treaty provisions imposed on the new states in Central, Eastern and Southern Europe admitted to the League of Nations after World War I. The implications of this claim for International Relations scholarship are twofold. First, my argument contributes to debates on the making of the international system of states by showing that the process of expansion of international society is premised on hierarchy, among and within states. Second, it speaks to the growing body of scholarship on hierarchy in world politics by historicising where hierarchies come from, examining how diverse hierarchies are nested and intersect, and revealing how different actors navigate these hierarchies.

show abstract

Developing into equal citizens?

Sardelić¹

2022

lgdjournal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The extreme poverty many Roma experience in Europe sets a dark shadow over the continent considered to have a very high human development index. The contemporary discourse in the EU describes Roma both as a socio-economically disadvantaged group and an ethnically discriminated minority. A number of studies have argued that there is a link between ethnic discrimination and the extreme poverty many Roma experience as citizens in today's Europe. However, the question remains: What are the rationales that the states use to justify this link? In this paper, I argue that local histories show how this link has been perpetuated by the representation of Roma as an underdeveloped minority; such representation has translated into hierarchy of rights according to which Roma would be awarded less rights their fellow citizens belonging to majority population would possess. This paper aims to show there has been a shift to holding Roma responsible for recreating their own position of discrimination and, with it, poverty, instead of acknowledgement that legislation and policies towards Roma contribute to their predicament. Challenging such a position, I look at how minority rights legislation was formulated in two EU Member States, Slovenia and Croatia (with a common history in Yugoslavia), from Minority Treaties after the First World War to the EU accession processes. While both countries have historically formulated uneven minority rights for Roma, Roma themselves demanded equal citizenship rights at the European Court of Human rights, such as the rights to clean drinking water and the right to education. These rights have been similarly denied based on the perception of Roma as an 'underdeveloped minority.'

show abstract

State Formation Under International Supervision and the Construction of Hierarchies in National Membership: A Balkan Story

Cited by 3 publications

References 1 publication

Multidimensional Analysis on the Construction of Inner-Party Supervision System

Multidimensional Analysis on the Construction of Inner-Party Supervision System

The hierarchical society: the politics of self-determination and the constitution of new states after 1919

Developing into equal citizens?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About