State Mandatory Paid Sick Leave Associated With A Decline In Emergency Department Use In The US, 2011–19

Ma, Yanlei; Johnston, Kenton J.; Yu, Hao; Wharam, J. Frank; Wen, Hefei

doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2022.00098

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The absence of paid sick leave is associated with fewer preventive health care utilization 25 and more emergency department use. 26 The lack of preventive care coupled with the stressors of caregiving may have resulted in health declines for caregivers who subsequently stopped working. It is also possible that the spouse's health declined and required more of the caregiver's time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Working, Low Income, and Cancer Caregiving: Financial and Mental Health Impacts

Kitchen

Owsley

2023

JCO

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PURPOSE Approximately 6 million people provide caregiving to people diagnosed with cancer. Many must remain employed to support their household and to have access to health insurance. It is unknown if caregiving for a spouse diagnosed with cancer is associated with greater financial and mental stress relative to providing care for a spouse with different conditions. METHODS Health and Retirement Study (2002-2020) data were used to compare employed caregivers, younger than age 65 years, caring for a spouse diagnosed with cancer (n = 103) and a matched control group caring for a spouse with other conditions (n = 515). We used logistic regression to examine a decrease in household income, increase in household debt, stopping work, and a new report of a mental health condition over a 4-year period, adjusting for socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, and health insurance status. Subanalyses stratified estimations by median household income. RESULTS Around a third of cancer caregivers reported they stopped working (35%) and had an increase in household debt (30%). Cancer caregivers in households below the median household income were more likely to report decreased income (13.4 percentage points [pp]; P < .10), increased household debt (14.5 pp; P < .10), and stopping work (18.8 pp; P < .05) than similar noncancer caregivers. Mixed results were found for a change in mental health domains. The results were robust to multiple sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSION Cancer caregivers from low-income households were more likely to increase debt and incur work loss compared with noncancer caregivers in similar households. Policies such as paid sick leave and family leave are needed for this strained and important population who have financial and employment responsibilities in addition to caregiving.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Working, Low Income, and Cancer Caregiving: Financial and Mental Health Impacts

Kitchen

Owsley

2023

JCO

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“…The authors attribute this finding to reduced disease spread at the workplace and other factors. Previous research also suggests that mandated PSL increases preventive and ambulatory healthcare use such as vaccinations and screenings (Pichler and Ziebarth, 2017;Pichler et al, 2021;Callison and Pesko, 2022;Callison et al, 2023), while reducing unnecessary service use (Ma et al, 2022), and improving health status (Callison and Pesko, 2022;Slopen, 2023). Finally, Pichler et al (2020) and Andersen et al (2023) show that the PSL, temporarily provided in 2020 during the COVID−19 pandemic through FFCRA, reduced the spread of COVID−19.…”

Section: Prior Evidence On Us Paid Sick Leave Mandatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Paid Sick Leave Facilitate Reproductive Choice?

Maclean,

Popovici,

Ruhm

2023

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Errors are our own. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research.At least one co-author has disclosed additional relationships of potential relevance for this research. Further information is available online at http://www.nber.org/papers/w31801 NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peer-reviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies official NBER publications.

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“…The public health effects of paid sick leave extend beyond the workplace. One study analyzing emergency department (ED) use found that after state mandates were in effect, there was a 5.6 percent decrease in its use 45 . The reductions were concentrated among Medicaid patients, a finding that the researchers believed was a result of Medicaid's coverage of adults with low‐wage or part‐time jobs that were unlikely to provide paid sick leave in the absence of a state mandate.…”

Section: Health Effects Of Paid Sick Leavementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main reason for opposing new paid sick leave legislation is the ostensible economic burden on employers, but the evidence does not support claims that the legislation will result in such a toll 49 . Employers that provide paid sick leave actually save money on health care costs because employees are less likely to be treated in expensive hospital EDs, 50 more likely to be vaccinated and therefore less likely to be absent from work 51 or infected at work, 52 and less likely to change jobs 53 . Elected officials and stakeholders considering proposals to enact new paid sick leave legislation should focus on the tremendously positive effects of these laws on public health.…”

Section: Expanding Paid Medical Leavementioning

confidence: 99%

Expanding Paid Sick Leave Laws: The Public Health Imperative

Rothstein¹,

Fox²

2023

Hastings Center Report

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A key public health measure has received far too little attention over the course of the Covid‐19 pandemic: paid sick leave policies that encourage people at risk of spreading disease to stay home rather than come to work. The United States is one of the only developed countries that fails to guarantee paid sick leave at the federal level, leaving a patchwork of state and private policies that undersupply time off when people are contagious and protect top wage earners at wildly disproportionate rates compared with what workers with lower incomes experience. Other countries have shown that sick leave mandates are neither unjustified burdens on employers nor gratuitous giveaways to employees. In fact, sick leave saves on health care costs by making employees less likely to infect coworkers, to be absent for longer themselves, or to need treatment in expensive hospital emergency departments. Nationally guaranteed sick leave is urgently needed to promote public health.

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State Mandatory Paid Sick Leave Associated With A Decline In Emergency Department Use In The US, 2011–19

Cited by 9 publications

References 19 publications

Working, Low Income, and Cancer Caregiving: Financial and Mental Health Impacts

Working, Low Income, and Cancer Caregiving: Financial and Mental Health Impacts

Does Paid Sick Leave Facilitate Reproductive Choice?

Expanding Paid Sick Leave Laws: The Public Health Imperative

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