State of art on the mechanisms of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Obesity and type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are metabolic disorders. Obesity increases the risk of T2DM, and as obesity is becoming increasingly common, more individuals suffer from T2DM, which poses a considerable burden on health systems. Traditionally, pharmaceutical therapy together with lifestyle changes is used to treat obesity and T2DM to decrease the incidence of comorbidities and all-cause mortality and to increase life expectancy. Bariatric surgery is increasingly replacing other forms of treatment of morbid obesity, especially in patients with refractory obesity, owing to its many benefits including good long-term outcomes and almost no weight regain. The bariatric surgery options have markedly changed recently, and laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is gradually gaining popularity. LSG has become an effective and safe treatment for type-2 diabetes and morbid obesity, with a high cost-benefit ratio. Here, we review the me-chanism associated with LSG treatment of T2DM, and we discuss clinical studies and animal experiments with regard to gastrointestinal hormones, gut microbiota, bile acids, and adipokines to clarify current treatment modalities for patients with obesity and T2DM.

The Association Between Preoperative Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Levels and the Total Body Weight Loss in Women Post Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy

“…Sleeve gastrectomy is a well-established bariatric procedure for patients with obesity who cannot achieve sustained weight loss with lifestyle modification or medical treatment [ 31 – 33 ]. The effect of SG is not only through the restriction of stomach volume, but other endocrinological pathways have been proposed to be a main interplay factor in the process of weight loss and the improvement of obesity complications [ 34 ]. The role of IGF-1 as an important metabolic regulator that reflects the levels of GH and partially mediates its growth effects has currently emerged [ 13 , 35 – 38 ].…”

The Therapeutic Effectiveness of Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy Among Individuals with Low BMI Obesity (30-35 Kg/m2) and the Relationship of BMI to Weight Loss

“…Obesity presents a significant global challenge, characterized as a complex chronic condition resulting from abnormal or excessive fat accumulation. 1,2 By the year 2015, the global population witnessed an approximate count of 107.7 million children and 603.7 million adults who were afflicted by obesity. 3 Obesity is strongly associated with the onset and progression of numerous illnesses, [4][5][6][7][8] and it has become a serious threat to the health and lives of people in every country, imposing a substantial strain on public health systems across nations.…”