State-of-Art Review on Chemical Indicators for Monitoring the Aging Status of Oil-Immersed Transformer Paper Insulation

Zhang, Enze; Liu, Jiang; Zhang, Chaohai; Zheng, Peijun; Nakanishi, Yosuke; Wu, Thomas

doi:10.3390/en16031396

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 133 publications

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“…The papers [11,13,34] present the characteristics of furan compounds, their application, the factors that have a significant influence on the composition of 2-FAL in transformer oil and the difficulties associated with their correlation with DP. It was also found that 5-HMF and then 2-FAL are produced in the process of solid insulation degradation, and that the concentration of 5-HMF increases with age.…”

Section: Names Of Furan Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several papers have been published to explain the ageing mechanism of the paperoil insulation system of power transformers, and their health and service life have been assessed using various parameters of the insulation system. Electrical and physico-chemical tests are generally used to determine the health of the transformer [11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determining the Remaining Functional Life of Power Transformers Using Multiple Methods of Diagnosing the Operating Condition Based on SVM Classification Algorithms

Aciu,

Nițu,

Nicola

et al. 2024

Machines

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Starting from the current need for the safety of energy systems, in which power transformers play a key role, the study of the health of power transformers in service is a difficult and complex task, since the assessment consists of identifying indicators that can provide accurate data on the extent of degradation of transformer components and subcomponents, in order to establish a model for predicting the remaining life of transformers. Therefore, this paper proposes a model for assessing the remaining service life by diagnosing the condition of the transformer based on the health index (HI) obtained from a multi-parameter analysis. To determine the condition of power transformers, a number of methods are presented based on the combination of the combined Duval pentagon (PDC) method and ethylene concentration (C2H4) to determine the fault condition, the combination of the degree of polymerisation (DP) and moisture to determine the condition of the cellulose insulation and the use of the oil quality index (OQIN) to determine the condition of the oil. For each of the classification methods presented, applications based on machine learning (ML), in particular support vector machine (SVM), have been implemented for automatic classification using the Matlab development environment. The global algorithmic approach presented in this paper subscribes to the idea of event-based maintenance. Two case studies are also presented to validate SVM-based classification methods and algorithms.

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Section: Names Of Furan Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining the Remaining Functional Life of Power Transformers Using Multiple Methods of Diagnosing the Operating Condition Based on SVM Classification Algorithms

Aciu,

Nițu,

Nicola

et al. 2024

Machines

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“…where ∆t n is the nth time interval in hours, and F AA n is the accelerated aging factor within ∆t n . Finally, the average hotspot temperature θ h during the monitoring time t can be computed as shown in Equation (12). This study uses COMSOL Multiphysics 5.6 software to model oil-immersed transformers under various cooling modes.…”

Section: Forced Oil Circulation Guided Cooling Modementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lifespan of oil-immersed transformers depends on the lifespan of the insulation paper [12,13], and many researchers have made important progress in the evaluation of the lifespan of transformer insulation paper. Among them, Kuhn and Ekenstam have proposed the zero-order and first-order kinetic equations [14,15], which were the basis for the secondorder kinetic equations proposed by Emsley [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovative Transformer Life Assessment Considering Moisture and Oil Circulation

Liang,

Fang,

Cheng

et al. 2024

Energies

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Power transformers are one of the most expensive and important equipment in the power system. Significant differences exist in the insulation lifespan of transformers that have been in operation for more than 20 years, and using identical maintenance or scrapping methods may result in significant economic losses. However, most existing transformer life assessment methods only consider the impact of moisture content on the life decay rate without considering the impact of oil circulation cooling modes, which leads to some evaluation errors. In this study, we established a new transformer life assessment method that considers the influence of moisture content and oil circulation cooling modes, which is more accurate than most life assessment methods. Then, the proposed life evaluation method was validated on the on-site transformers, demonstrating its accuracy and effectiveness. The novelty of this study is that it establishes a new on-site transformer life assessment method that considers the comprehensive effect of moisture content and oil circulation cooling mode, which helps to evaluate the remaining lifespan of power transformers more accurately and thus extends the transformer lifespan systematically.

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“…The aging rate of the paper insulation around the winding is calculated as a function of pyrolysis (heating), hydrolysis, and oxidation with the hot-spot temperature being the influential factor, by which the loss of life is estimated during a certain period of operation of the transformer [1][2][3]. Therefore, it is crucial to maintain the hot-spot temperature within the desired limits and for this reason, many strategies for hot-spot detection have been described in the literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real‐time monitoring of transformer hot‐spot temperature based on nameplate data

Rezaeealam,

Askary

2023

IET Generation Trans & Dist

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This paper proposes a real‐time hot‐spot monitoring method for three‐phase two‐winding oil‐filled transformers under steady‐state conditions, where the corresponding test certificates are not accessible to the customers. For this purpose, the separate determination of iron‐core and copper losses is achieved by real‐time measuring of voltages and currents in both primary and secondary sides and also employing nameplate data of the transformer, including the winding resistances. Subsequent calculations based on IEEE Std C57.110‐2018 provide the top‐oil and hot‐spot temperatures. It is shown that the estimated top‐oil and winding hot‐spot temperatures and also load and no‐load losses match with the measured ones with the maximum difference of 3.5%, 2%, 2.7%, and 9%, respectively.

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State-of-Art Review on Chemical Indicators for Monitoring the Aging Status of Oil-Immersed Transformer Paper Insulation

Cited by 18 publications

References 133 publications

Determining the Remaining Functional Life of Power Transformers Using Multiple Methods of Diagnosing the Operating Condition Based on SVM Classification Algorithms

Determining the Remaining Functional Life of Power Transformers Using Multiple Methods of Diagnosing the Operating Condition Based on SVM Classification Algorithms

Innovative Transformer Life Assessment Considering Moisture and Oil Circulation

Real‐time monitoring of transformer hot‐spot temperature based on nameplate data

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