State-of-charge balancing control strategy of battery energy storage system based on modular multilevel converter

Gao, Feng; Zhang, Lei; Zhou, Qi; Chen, Mengxing; Xu, Tao; Hu, Shaogang

doi:10.1109/ecce.2014.6953744

Cited by 65 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…However, the series connection of massive batteries reduces the reliability and increases the complexity of energy management. In [5][6][7], batteries are integrated into submodules of MMC, constituting a modularized and distributed PCS. Compared with the centralized structure, the reliability and flexibility of distributed structure are greatly improved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modified State-of-Charge Balancing Control of Modular Multilevel Converter with Integrated Battery Energy Storage System

Lin

Wang

et al. 2018

Energies

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Modular multilevel converter with integrated battery energy storage system (MMC-BESS) has been proposed for energy storage requirements in high-voltage applications. The state-of-charge (SOC) equilibrium of batteries is essential for BESS to guarantee the capacity utilization. However, submodule voltage regulation can lead to over-modulation of individual submodules, which will limit the efficiency of SOC balancing control. Focusing on this problem, a modified SOC balancing control method with high efficiency is proposed in this paper. The tolerance for battery power unbalance is defined to quantize the convergence of SOC balancing control. Both the DC component and AC component are considered while regulating submodule voltage. The linear programming method is introduced to realize the maximum tolerance for battery power unbalance in different operation modes. Based on the analysis, by choosing appropriate submodule voltage regulation method, the efficiency of SOC balancing control is improved greatly. In addition, the SOC controller is also optimally designed to avoid over-modulation of submodules. Finally, the detailed simulation and experiment results verify the effectiveness of the analysis and proposed control strategy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modified State-of-Charge Balancing Control of Modular Multilevel Converter with Integrated Battery Energy Storage System

Lin

Wang

et al. 2018

Energies

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“…They can be used in active filter applications for total harmonic distortion (THD) improvement and reactive power compensation, in energy storage systems, as well as for the integration of renewable generation systems [1,2]. Usually, electrical energy is converted using medium-voltage (MV) converters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power electronic transformer based on cascaded H-bridge converter

Morawiec¹,

Lewicki²

2017

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences

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Abstract. In this paper the control strategy of power electronic transformer (PET) is proposed. The analyzed structure of PET uses two seven-level cascaded H-bridge (CHB) rectifiers. The electrical power of PET is transferred between DC-links of CHB converters using dual-active-bridges (DABs) and low voltage high frequency transformers. The roposed solution allows for controlling the active and reactive power with a low level of harmonic distortions. The DC-link voltages and the load of the utilized H-bridges are controlled using appropriate modulation strategy. The theoretical issues are confirmed by simulation and experimental results. Each cell of a CHB converter includes an single-phase inverter, a capacitive DC-link and a rectifier. The voltage sources connected to the cells have to be independent or isolated [7,12]. The galvanic isolation can be realized using grid-connected single-phase or multi-phase transformers [7] or using isolated DC-DC converters in CHB converter topology [13]. The application of DC-DC converters with high-or medium-frequency transformers makes the inverter cheaper and smaller. This paper concentrates on the structure and the control system of a power electronic transformer which is based on double CHB inverters. Such a PET configuration is presented in Fig. 1. The structure of power electronic transformer consists of two seven-level CHB converters, and the single cell of PET is shown in Fig. 2. The DABs with MF transformers transfer the energy between DC-link circuits. The presented solution reduces the size and cost of overall converter structures. The main task of the control algorithms for single CHB inverter is to generate the output voltage correctly and to maintain uniform voltage distribution on the DC-link capacitors. While the output voltage is generated, the DC-link voltages of the CHB converter vary depending on the CHB output voltage and current. The DC-link voltages can be equalized by sharing the generated output voltage between the H-bridges [14], by modifying their modulation indexes [15] or using fuzzy logic control loop [11].

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“…Both of these topologies have attracted research interest over the last couple of years [7]. An evaluation between the two topologies [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] in terms of conversion efficiency shows that MMC-based solutions perform slightly better compared to the CHB counterparts [4]. However, the high semiconductor and capacitance requirements, as well as more complicated voltage and energy balancing of MMCs [8,9] make the CHB a more competitive and practical application in dedicated ESS applications [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The addition of any kind of energy storage elements in the SMs of the MMC necessitates additional controllers for energy balancing between the SMs, the arms, phase-legs and ESS within the converter [15][16][17], as well as considerations for the SoC of the integrated batteries [18,19]. Operational aspects of MMC-based ESSs have also been investigated in the current literature, with [20] demonstrating the fault-ride through (FRT) capabilities of the converter and [21] investigating its fault-tolerant capacity and the limitations in real and reactive power capabilities with faulty or isolated ESS SMs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Hybrid Modular Multilevel Converter with Partial Embedded Energy Storage

et al. 2016

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Modular and cascaded multilevel converters provide a functional solution for the integration of energy storage systems (ESSs). This paper develops a hybrid multilevel converter based on the modular multilevel converter (MMC) that can be functionally extended with partial embedded ESS as a fraction of the overall converter power rating. The configuration, which can operate as a typical DC-AC converter, enables multi-directional power flow between the DC-and AC-side of the converter, as well as the embedded energy storage elements. The use of a three-phase flying-capacitor submodule eliminates the second-order harmonic oscillations present in modular cascaded multilevel converters. Current, voltage and power control are discussed in the paper while simulation results illustrate the operation of the hybrid MMC as a DC-AC converter in a typical inverter application and the additional functions and control of the embedded ESS.

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State-of-charge balancing control strategy of battery energy storage system based on modular multilevel converter

Cited by 65 publications

References 9 publications

Modified State-of-Charge Balancing Control of Modular Multilevel Converter with Integrated Battery Energy Storage System

Modified State-of-Charge Balancing Control of Modular Multilevel Converter with Integrated Battery Energy Storage System

Power electronic transformer based on cascaded H-bridge converter

A Hybrid Modular Multilevel Converter with Partial Embedded Energy Storage

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