State of Charge Based Droop Control for Coordinated Power Exchange in Low Voltage DC Nanogrids

Samende, Cephas; Bhagavathy, Sivapriya Mothilal; McCulloch, Malcolm

doi:10.1109/peds44367.2019.8998955

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…9, a positive (+) solution of vk is taken. If Pk = 0 in (12) then, vk = vj = vnom. However, if maximum power, Pk(max) (13) is received by IC-k then, vk=0.5vnom, i.e.…”

Section: A Local Droop-based Control Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To control the power flow between the homes, each home sets its own distribution voltage vi based on its power requirements by controlling HBC4. In our previous work in [12], the reference distribution voltage, vref,i required by HBC4 to set vi was determined based on the state of charge (SoC), SoCi of the local BESS as follows ( )…”

Section: B Power Management In a Clustermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The home with the highest vi supplies the highest power. The home with the lowest vi receives the highest power [12]. vi is maximum (vi=Vmax) when the BESS is fully charged during underloads.…”

Section: B Power Management In a Clustermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 uses a four port DC-DC converter (FPC) [11] to manage the power flow on the distribution line, the BESS, the appliances, and/or the PV modules. To control the power flow on the distribution line, the FPC adjusts the distribution voltage local to a home based on the power requirements of that home [12]. Power exchange between the homes in each cluster is therefore intuitively through voltage difference.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Decentralized Voltage Control for Efficient Power Exchange in Interconnected DC Clusters

Samende

Gao

Bhagavathy

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy

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Interconnection of two autonomous swarm grids (DC clusters) which are designed for energy access can increase power supply availability for power hungry appliances such as water pumps. Here, a surplus or a deficit power in one cluster is balanced by a second cluster through power exchange. Usually, the clusters are connected by a tie line if bus voltages in both clusters are equal and constant. If the bus voltages are different and constant, a single converter is used to interconnect the clusters and to control the power flow between them. In both interconnections, power flow is triggered by bus voltage variations from their constant values. However, if the bus voltages are different and are not constant, the coordination of the power exchange between the clusters is a challenge. In this paper, two buck-boost converters are proposed to interconnect the clusters that have different and unregulated bus voltages. To control the power exchange while reducing transmission line loss, a decentralized control approach which is composed of a voltage droop control method and a mid-point voltage control method is proposed. Simulations of two interconnected clusters carried out in MATLAB/Simulink software show how the proposed control method can efficiently coordinate the power exchange.

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“…9, a positive (+) solution of vk is taken. If Pk = 0 in (12) then, vk = vj = vnom. However, if maximum power, Pk(max) (13) is received by IC-k then, vk=0.5vnom, i.e.…”

Section: A Local Droop-based Control Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Power Management In a Clustermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Power Management In a Clustermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Decentralized Voltage Control for Efficient Power Exchange in Interconnected DC Clusters

Samende

Gao

Bhagavathy

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy

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“…In [5], [10], [11], decentralized voltage control methods are proposed to minimize distribution losses while meeting supply-demand balance in islanded DC micro-grid. Battery and converter losses are however not considered.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Power Loss Minimisation of Off-Grid Solar DC Nano-Grids—Part II: A Quasi-Consensus-Based Distributed Control Algorithm

Samende

Bhagavathy

McCulloch

2022

IEEE Trans. Smart Grid

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This paper investigates the power loss minimization problem of solar DC nanogrids that are designed to provide energy access to households in off-grid areas. We consider nanogrids with distributed battery storage energy systems and that are enabled by multi-port DC-DC converters. As the nano-grids are not connected to the national grid and have batteries and converters distributed in each household, addressing the power loss problem while ensuring supply-demand balance is a challenge. To address the challenge, we propose a novel quasi-consensus based distributed control approach. The proposed approach consists of two algorithms namely, incremental loss consensus algorithm and voltage consensus algorithm. The incremental loss consensus algorithm is proposed to optimally schedule the battery charge/discharge operation while ensuring that supply-demand balance and the battery constraints are satisfied. The voltage consensus algorithm is proposed to determine optimal distribution voltage set points which act as optimal control signals.Both algorithms are implemented in a distributed manner, where minimal information exchange between households is required to obtain the optimal control actions. Simulation results of a solar DC nano-grid with five interconnected households verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach at addressing the nanogrid power loss problem.

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Adaptive control and management of multiple nano‐grids in an islanded dc microgrid system

Abadi

Khalili

Habibi

et al. 2022

IET Generation Trans & Dist

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This paper presents an adaptive control framework for the flexible and effective management and control of clustered DC nano-grids (NGs) in an islanded DC microgrid system. It is assumed that each NG contains a photovoltaic (PV) system, a battery energy storage system (BESS), local loads, and a gateway (GW) module. Each NG has a hierarchical control system consisting of a decision-making module and low-level controllers. The decisionmaking module ensures various desirable features including plug-and-play operation of NGs, maximum utilization of PV power generations, and avoiding state of charge (SoC) violation of batteries. Moreover, an adaptive model predictive control (AMPC) strategy is proposed to regulate the voltage of the NG local DC buses in the presence of nonlinear loads. This approach improves the performance of the NG voltage control system and reduces the current ripples of BESSs, thereby enhancing the lifetime of the batteries. In addition, a smart switching consensus-based control strategy is designed that provides flexible power sharing among the NGs to balance the SoC of BESSs in which the BESSs altogether imitate the behaviour of a single cloud energy storage system (ESS). Finally, the performance of the proposed control system is verified by simulating the DC microgrid in MATLAB/Simulink.

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State of Charge Based Droop Control for Coordinated Power Exchange in Low Voltage DC Nanogrids

Cited by 10 publications

References 12 publications

Decentralized Voltage Control for Efficient Power Exchange in Interconnected DC Clusters

Decentralized Voltage Control for Efficient Power Exchange in Interconnected DC Clusters

Power Loss Minimisation of Off-Grid Solar DC Nano-Grids—Part II: A Quasi-Consensus-Based Distributed Control Algorithm

Adaptive control and management of multiple nano‐grids in an islanded dc microgrid system

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