State of Charge, State of Health, and Degradation Estimation for Second-Life Batteries for Maximum Demand Reductions

Lam, Dylon Hao Cheng; Wong, Jianhui; Lim, Yun Seng; Hau, Lee Cheun

doi:10.1109/pecon54459.2022.9988844

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Simple beginning-of-second-life SoH checks will provide sufficient data for determining the sizing requirements of an SLB battery pack to meet the second life energy and power specifications ( Martinez-Laserna et al, 2018 ; Lam et al, 2022 ). The capability to examine a battery ex situ and in specialised testing centres means that more in-depth SoH evaluation methods become viable, in order to gain the best picture of the battery’s expected future performance ( Warner, 2015a ).…”

Section: Second Life: Opportunities and Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithium-ion battery second life: pathways, challenges and outlook

Patel,

Lander,

Ahuja

et al. 2024

Front. Chem.

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Net zero targets have resulted in a drive to decarbonise the transport sector worldwide through electrification. This has, in turn, led to an exponentially growing battery market and, conversely, increasing attention on how we can reduce the environmental impact of batteries and promote a more efficient circular economy to achieve real net zero. As these batteries reach the end of their first life, challenges arise as to how to collect and process them, in order to maximise their economical use before finally being recycled. Despite the growing body of work around this topic, the decision-making process on which pathways batteries could take is not yet well understood, and clear policies and standards to support implementation of processes and infrastructure are still lacking. Requirements and challenges behind recycling and second life applications are complex and continue being defined in industry and academia. Both pathways rely on cell collection, selection and processing, and are confronted with the complexities of pack disassembly, as well as a diversity of cell chemistries, state-of-health, size, and form factor. There are several opportunities to address these barriers, such as standardisation of battery design and reviewing the criteria for a battery’s end-of-life. These revisions could potentially improve the overall sustainability of batteries, but may require policies to drive such transformation across the industry. The influence of policies in triggering a pattern of behaviour that favours one pathway over another are examined and suggestions are made for policy amendments that could support a second life pipeline, while encouraging the development of an efficient recycling industry. This review explains the different pathways that end-of-life EV batteries could follow, either immediate recycling or service in one of a variety of second life applications, before eventual recycling. The challenges and barriers to each pathway are discussed, taking into account their relative environmental and economic feasibility and competing advantages and disadvantages of each. The review identifies key areas where processes need to be simplified and decision criteria clearly defined, so that optimal pathways can be rapidly determined for each end-of-life battery.

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Section: Second Life: Opportunities and Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithium-ion battery second life: pathways, challenges and outlook

Patel,

Lander,

Ahuja

et al. 2024

Front. Chem.

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“…Using the ampere-hour integration method to estimate the SOC of the battery model, as shown in equation 4 6 .…”

Section: Estimation Of Battery State Of Chargementioning

confidence: 99%

The development of overall controller for dual-axis drive electric vehicles

Dong

2024

Second International Conference on Physics, Photonics, and Optical Engineering (ICPPOE 2023)

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Most of the pure electric vehicles currently on the market adopt a single motor single-axis drive configuration. This configuration can be shared with traditional internal combustion engine vehicles in terms of development platform, resulting in lower development costs and difficulty. However, when the power demand is low, the motor efficiency is relatively low, resulting in poorer overall vehicle efficiency. Compared with traditional single motor single-axis drive vehicles, dual motor dual-axis drive electric vehicles have better economy and performance. This article develops a vehicle control system for dual motor dual-axis drive electric vehicles, aiming to fully explore the potential of this configuration and improve vehicle performance. A simulation model based on MATLAB/Simulink and control strategy model were established. After HIL testing of the vehicle control unit, it was confirmed that the VCU function is reliable and meets the requirements.

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“…Such mathematical models are highly relevant for SOH estimation via long short-term memory (LSTM). 117 Actual values are represented by n and reference values by the reference. cycle t ¼ 24 ð Þ¼…”

Section: Second Life Ev Batteries and Aging Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive review of the aging mechanism and degradation costs of fresh and second‐life batteries based on analytical and deterministic methods

Terkes,

Demirci,

Gokalp

2024

Energy Storage

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Batteries' aging evolution and degradation functions may vary depending on the application area and various stress factors. Studies on its aging characteristics are ongoing, considering the unpredictable tendency of battery degradation during first and secondary usage periods. Battery degradation directly affects operating costs and prevents many stakeholders from making reliable short‐ or long‐term investment plans. Thus, this review study first introduces the battery models commonly used by researchers and provides an overview of the aging mechanism and estimation methods for health status and remaining capacity. Analytical and deterministic aging/degradation functions/models proposed by the researchers are discussed in detail, and cost equations based on degradation are reviewed. This approach was followed for the fresh and second‐life batteries by further investigating the impact of stress factors on the aging process and cost. The details of aging prediction approaches based on traditional methods, machine learning, and artificial intelligence are out of the scope of this review article. Discussing the shortcomings of aging analyses/functions and introducing different perspectives on the degradation characteristics will help researchers and provide a roadmap for many stakeholders.

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State of Charge, State of Health, and Degradation Estimation for Second-Life Batteries for Maximum Demand Reductions

Cited by 6 publications

References 37 publications

Lithium-ion battery second life: pathways, challenges and outlook

Lithium-ion battery second life: pathways, challenges and outlook

The development of overall controller for dual-axis drive electric vehicles

A comprehensive review of the aging mechanism and degradation costs of fresh and second‐life batteries based on analytical and deterministic methods

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