State of Pharmacy Education in Bangladesh

Alam, Gazi Mahabubul; Shahjamal, Mirja Mohammad; Al‐Amin, Abul Quasem; Azam, M.

doi:10.4314/tjpr.v12i6.36

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Extreme lack of quality pharmacy professionals in health care settings leads to poor antibiotic use management. 20 This leads to the clinical autonomy of doctors while decision-making on antibiotic prescription. Reimbursement), legal issues (eg; malpractice law) and regulatory practices (eg; OTC dispensing) are very important determinants of irrational antibiotic use behavior.…”

Section: Primary Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, public service providers have less commitment because they are engaged with private sectors. 20 Physical opportunity (OPh): Some organizational barriers to rational prescribing have been identified in health care settings similar to Bangladesh. They are the inadequacy of protocols and control systems; hospital formulary, evidenced-based antibiotic guidelines, limited permission to prescribe certain antibiotics, antibiotic order and stop order forms, antibiotic consultation.…”

Section: Primary Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors Influencing Clinician’s Antibiotic Prescribing Behaviors (APB) in Bangladesh: An In-Depth Review Using COMB Model

Saha¹

2017

OAJTMR

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This review aimed to summarize determinants influencing clinician's antibiotic prescribing behaviors in Bangladesh. The 18 published articles and grey literature were selected from scientific databases of Web of Science, Global Health, Medline, Pub Med, the Lancet, Cochrane Library and websites of some health organizations and Bangladesh Ministry of Health. A conceptual framework COMB model was utilized to identify and analyze determinants influencing antibiotics prescribing behaviors. The findings of the review revealed that there is a considerable gap in individual-level knowledge, skills, and awareness to rational antibiotic prescribing among physicians. Lack of training, no provision of prescription auditing, and patient load are key barriers to standard antibiotic prescribing practices. The patient's ignorance and expectation of antibiotics, antibiotics promotion with misleading information and financial incentives by pharmaceutical companies potentially motivate prescribers' decision to prescribe even expensive and unnecessary antibiotics. Moreover, lack of adoption and implementation of regulatory policies intensify poor antibiotic prescribing attitude in Bangladesh. Determinants to APB are multiple, multileveled and multi-complexes. There is no alternative without developing pragmatic interventions (educational and regulatory) targeted to key barriers improving APB at healthcare level in Bangladesh. It is recommended to key stakeholders, academia, and key implementers; DGHS, DGDA, and MOHFW of the country in adopting a national action plan to control imprudent antibiotic prescribing behaviors by clinicians and implementing interventions from local to national level at healthcare institutions with an urgent policy action-key to tackle antibiotic resistance in future.

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Section: Primary Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Primary Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Influencing Clinician’s Antibiotic Prescribing Behaviors (APB) in Bangladesh: An In-Depth Review Using COMB Model

Saha¹

2017

OAJTMR

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“…A wide range of individuals prescribe, dispense, or sell drugs over the counter for maternal health problems, often unregulated [ 15 – 17 ]. Registered pharmacists, diploma pharmacists (with a 3-year diploma in pharmacy) [ 18 ], pharmacy technicians, public health care providers–e.g. nurses, sub-assistant community medical officers (SACMOs) and family welfare visitors (FWVs)--along with untrained or informally trained providers and drug shop owners all prescribe or provide drugs to pregnant women in Bangladesh.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge of pharmacy workers on antihypertensive and anticonvulsant drugs for managing pre-eclampsia and eclampsia in Bangladesh

Roy¹,

Sultana²,

Hossain³

et al. 2020

BMC Health Serv Res

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Background Pharmacy workers in Bangladesh play an important role in managing pregnancy complications by dispensing, counselling and selling drugs to pregnant women and their families. This study examined pharmacy workers’ drug knowledge and practice for pre-eclampsia and eclampsia (PE/E) management, including antihypertensives and anticonvulsants, and determine factors associated with their knowledge. Methods A cross-sectional survey with 382 pharmacy workers in public facilities (government) and private pharmacies and drug stores assessed their knowledge of antihypertensive and anticonvulsant drugs. ‘Pharmacy workers’ include personnel who work at pharmacies, pharmacists, family welfare visitors (FWVs), sub-assistant community medical officers (SACMOs), drug storekeepers. Exploratory and multivariate logistic models were used to describe association between knowledge of medicines used in pregnancy and demographic characteristics of pharmacy workers. Results Overall, 53% pharmacy workers interviewed were drug store owners in private pharmacies while 27% FWVs/SACMOs, who are government service providers also work as drug prescribers and/or dispensers in public facility pharmacies. Majority of pharmacy workers had poor knowledge compared to correct knowledge on both antihypertensive (77.8% vs 22.3%; p < 0.001) and anticonvulsant drugs (MgSO4) (82.2% vs 17.8%; p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed SACMOs and FWVs were greater than 4 times more likely to have correct knowledge on anti-hypertensives (AOR = 4.2, 95% CI:1.3–12.3, P < 0.01) and anticonvulsant drugs (AOR = 4.9, 95% CI:1.3–18.1, P < 0.01) compared to pharmacists. Pharmacy workers who had received training were more likely to have correct knowledge on antihypertensive and anticonvulsant drugs than those who had no training. Conclusions Pharmacy workers’ knowledge and understanding of antihypertensive and anticonvulsant drugs, particularly for prevention and management of PE/E is limited in Bangladesh. Most pharmacies surveyed are private and staffed with unskilled workers with no formal training on drugs. Expansion of maternal and newborn health programs should consider providing additional skills training to pharmacy workers, as well as regulating these medicines at informal pharmacies to mitigate any harmful practices or adverse outcomes of unauthorized and incorrectly prescribed and used drugs. It is important that correct messaging and medicines are available as drug stores are often the first point of contact for most of the women and their families.

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“…The government can constitute a National Accreditation Council with the health minister at the helm and make accreditation a mandatory requirement for all hospitals, and other healthcare providers maintain a minimum standard. Hospital, community, and clinical pharmacy in Bangladesh have not been well developed due to lack of government policy [166,167]. Pharmacy is taught in about 100 public and private universities in Bangladesh and about 8000 pharmacy students graduate every year [168].…”

Section: Future Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

amilial Mediterranean Fever: What associations to screen for? (A Review)

Bouomrani

2020

RRHOAJ

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Patient satisfaction is a useful measure for providing quality indicators in healthcare services. Concern over the quality of healthcare services in Bangladesh has resulted in a loss of faith in healthcare providers, low use of public health facilities, and increased outflows of patients from Bangladesh to hospitals abroad. The main barriers to accessing health services are inadequate services and poor quality of existing facilities, shortage of medicine supplies, busyness of doctors due to high patient load, long travel distance to facilities, and long waiting times once facilities were reached, very short consultation time, lack of empathy of the health professionals, their generally callous and casual attitude, aggressive pursuit of monetary gains, poor levels of competence and, occasionally, disregard for the suffering that patients endure without being able to voice their concerns-all of these service failures are frequently reported in the print media. Such failures can play a powerful role in shaping patients' negative attitudes and dissatisfaction with healthcare service providers and healthcare itself.

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State of Pharmacy Education in Bangladesh

Abstract: The current state of pharmacy education in Bangladesh and identification of the current gaps in terms of

Cited by 12 publications

References 12 publications

Factors Influencing Clinician’s Antibiotic Prescribing Behaviors (APB) in Bangladesh: An In-Depth Review Using COMB Model

Factors Influencing Clinician’s Antibiotic Prescribing Behaviors (APB) in Bangladesh: An In-Depth Review Using COMB Model

Knowledge of pharmacy workers on antihypertensive and anticonvulsant drugs for managing pre-eclampsia and eclampsia in Bangladesh

amilial Mediterranean Fever: What associations to screen for? (A Review)

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