State of Regulation: Cost of Government Orders on Private Schools

Abstract

BibliographyAnnexure 1: Mining and filtering orders Annexure 2: Tracing the statutory locus of orders Annexure 3: Estimating the time cost of orders Annexure 4: Tabulated findings AcknowledgementsState of Regulation: Cost of government orders on private schools is the culmination of a two-year-long effort. For this study, we mined and processed over 17,000 education-related government orders across four Indian states, and analysed the regulatory cost they impose on schools. We hope this study informs and invigorates discussions around the compliance burden on private schools in India.We are grateful to Rahul Ahluwalia (Co-Founder at Foundation for Economic Development) who co-conceptualised this research project, and at each stage helped steel man what we were learning from the orders. Aditi Nangia and Stephanie Natalie Samuel patiently sat through progress updates as we tried to understand how subordinate legislation in education actually works.We would like to extend our deepest gratitude to the individuals whose guidance shaped the study. Shubho Roy (doctoral candidate at the University of Chicago) helped us build a conceptual and data analysis framework to break down the impact of government orders. Amit Chandra and Rohan Joshi (Senior Fellow at Centre for Civil Society) helped us understand the nature of regulation and the contents of different orders with their deep sectoral knowledge. Ritika Shah, our former colleague, set the project in motion and laid down the groundwork for our research. Our colleagues, Eknoor Kaur and Sirjan Kaur, and our former interns, Harleen Kaur, Ananya Nivsarkar, and Ananya Sinha, tirelessly sifted through and dissected each government order. Yoshita Agarwal, Chaitanya Bhat, Esha Bora, Ilma Iqbal, Srushti Joshi, and Rutwik Paikine helped us translate Hindi orders. Baishali Bomjan and Sirjan Kaur monitored client commitments and reporting requirements. Sirjan Kaur and Eknoor Kaur also assisted in typesetting the study. Prosperiti | State of Regulation: Cost of government orders on private schools | 2023 1. Education is a Concurrent List subject. Both the Union and states make laws to regulate schools