State-of-the-Art and New Challenges in 5G Networks with Blockchain Technology

Onopa, Serhii; Kotulski, Zbigniew

doi:10.3390/electronics13050974

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…In the twentyfirst century, a wide range of technologies have been adopted by a number of industries, including healthcare, transportation, manufacturing, and the automotive industry. Numerous business cases have also been implemented, bringing innovation to the ecosystem as a whole and improving our quality of life [86]. In this sense, every other industry's success in the modern business world is being facilitated by the development of wireless network technologies like 5G.…”

Section: Obstacles In the Deployment Of The 5g Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

5G Opportunities in the South Pacific: Leveraging Low-Band Spectrum for Socio-Economic Development

Singh,

Rosak-Szyrocka

et al. 2024

HighTech. Innov. J.

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This paper explores the potential for deployment of 5G communication in the South Pacific, with a particular focus on leveraging the low-band spectrum for socio-economic development. The purpose of this study is to assess the feasibility of deploying 5G infrastructure in the South Pacific region, analyze the socio-economic benefits it may bring, and propose strategies to maximize these benefits. The research methodology includes a comprehensive review of existing literature on 5G deployment strategies, the socio-economic impacts of telecommunications infrastructure, and case studies of similar initiatives in other regions. The findings show that the deployment of 5G technology using low-band spectrum has the potential to significantly improve connectivity, healthcare, education, and economic opportunities in the South Pacific. Additionally, the paper proposes innovative approaches to address challenges such as infrastructure development in remote areas and affordability for marginalized communities. This study contributes to existing literature by providing tailored recommendations for leveraging 5G technology to address socio-economic inequalities in the South Pacific, thereby contributing to the development of telecommunications infrastructure in the region. Provides a new perspective on the possibilities of structure. Doi: 10.28991/HIJ-2024-05-02-020 Full Text: PDF

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Section: Obstacles In the Deployment Of The 5g Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

5G Opportunities in the South Pacific: Leveraging Low-Band Spectrum for Socio-Economic Development

Singh,

Rosak-Szyrocka

et al. 2024

HighTech. Innov. J.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Every block includes transaction data, a timestamp, and a hash of the preceding block, among other things. The latter ensures the integrity of the data, as any attempt to edit data in a block will result in erroneous hash values, until all blocks' hashes are recalculated [7]. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) [8] categorizes blockchain into two basic types: permissioned (private) and permissionless (public).…”

Section: Blockchainmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Reinforcement Learning-Based Reverse Auction Enforcing Smart Pricing Policies towards B5G Offloading Strategies

Kaltakis,

Dimos,

Giannoulakis

et al. 2024

Electronics

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In this paper, we present our work on developing a Smart Pricing Policies module specifically designed for individual users and Mobile Network Operators (MNOs). Our framework will operate in a multi-MNO blockchain radio access network (B-RAN) and is tasked with determining prices for resource sharing among users and MNOs. Our sophisticated adaptive pricing system can adjust to situations where User Equipment (UE) shifts out of the coverage area of their MNO by immediately sealing a contract with a different MNO to cover the users’ needs. This way, we aim to provide financial incentives to MNOs while ensuring continuous network optimization for all parties involved. Our system accomplishes that by utilizing deep reinforcement learning (DLR) to implement a reverse auction model. In our reinforcement learning scenario, the MNOs, acting as agents, enter a competition and try to bid the most appealing price based on the user’s request, and based on the reward system, agents that do not win in the current round will adjust their strategies in an attempt to secure a win in subsequent rounds. The findings indicated that combining DRL with reverse auction theory offers a more appropriate method for addressing the pricing and bid challenges, and additionally, administrators can utilize this strategy to gain a notable edge by dynamically selecting and adjusting their methods according to the individual network conditions and requirements.

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Keeping Verticals’ Sovereignty During Application Migration in Continuum

Kotulski,

Nowak,

Sepczuk

et al. 2024

J Netw Syst Manage

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Competing service providers in the cloud environment ensure services are delivered under the promised security requirements. It is crucial for mobile services where user’s movement results in the service’s migration between edge servers or clouds in the Continuum. Maintaining service sovereignty before, during, and after the migration is a real challenge, especially when the service provider has committed to ensuring its quality following the Service Level Agreement. In this paper, we present the main challenges mobile service providers face in a cloud environment to guarantee the required level of security and digital sovereignty as described in the Security Service Level Agreement, with emphasis on challenges resulting from the service migration between the old and new locations. We present the security and sovereignty context intended for migration and the steps of the migration algorithm. We also analyze three specific service migration cases for three vertical industries with different service quality requirements.

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State-of-the-Art and New Challenges in 5G Networks with Blockchain Technology

Cited by 5 publications

References 114 publications

5G Opportunities in the South Pacific: Leveraging Low-Band Spectrum for Socio-Economic Development

5G Opportunities in the South Pacific: Leveraging Low-Band Spectrum for Socio-Economic Development

A Reinforcement Learning-Based Reverse Auction Enforcing Smart Pricing Policies towards B5G Offloading Strategies

Keeping Verticals’ Sovereignty During Application Migration in Continuum

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