State-of-the-art and perspectives of the catalytic and electrocatalytic reduction of aqueous nitrates

Martínez, Juan; Ortiz, Alfredo; Ortíz, Inmaculada

doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2017.02.016

Cited by 427 publications

(310 citation statements)

References 166 publications

(260 reference statements)

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“…Under alkaline conditions, the removal percentage of

{NO}_{3}^{-} - N

(Figure c) was lower than that in neutral and acidic conditions. Because the alkaline conditions are favorable to the adsorption of oxidized materials, such as OH − and Ox − , onto the electrode surface, the existence of these oxides reduces the number of available active centers on the electrode, which hinders the adsorption of

{NO}_{3}^{-}

onto the electrode surface (Martínez et al, ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Electrocoagulation has several advantages,such as the avoidance of adding chemical agents and a low energy consumption (Ghanbari, Moradi, Mohseni‐Bandpei, et al, ; , ). Electroreduction of nitrate in the polluted water has been reported in the electrocoagulation reactors with the high nitrate removal efficiency (Majlesi, Mohseny, Sardar, Golmohammadi, & Sheikhmohammadi, ; Martínez, Ortiz, & Ortiz, ). Electrocatalytic denitrification is highly efficient, simple to operate, and produces no secondary pollutants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Researchers have focused on bimetallic and trimetallic electrodes to improve the nitrate removal and selectivity to N 2 by synergistic effects between the different metals. In the case of Pd‐Cu electrodes, the role of Cu is to promote the reduction of

{NO}_{3}^{-}

{NO}_{2}^{-}

, and the role of Pd is to improve the N 2 selectivity (Martínez et al, ). However, because of their high price and toxicity, precious metal materials are inappropriate for practical applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrochemical behaviors and influence factors of copper and copper alloys cathode for electrocatalytic nitrate removal

Zhang

Yin

Zhai

et al. 2019

Water Environment Research

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The electrocatalytic activities of a series of copper alloys, Cu/Ni/Zn (Cu60Ni15Zn25) and Cu/Zn (Cu62Zn38), toward the reduction of nitrate were investigated, in comparison with that of pure copper. Electrochemical analysis showed that the copper alloy electrode exhibited higher electrochemical reduction rate of nitrate. The extreme difference (R) between the orthogonal experiments revealed that the NO3--N concentration was the main determinant of the removal percentage, followed by the current density and electrolyte concentration, while the impact of the initial pH was minimal. The conditions of the electrolysis experiments with Cu/Ni/Zn and Cu/Zn cathodes were optimized as follows: a current density of 8 mA/cm2, a NaCl concentration of 2.0 g/L, and an initial pH of 3.0. The nitrate reduction reaction process with copper alloy cathodes was confirmed by electrochemical analysis and electrolysis experiments. Therefore, copper alloyed with Zn and Ni is a feasible option for practical application to the electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate. Practitioner points Alloy of Cu, Zn, and Ni improved electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction. Electrochemical reduction of nitrate was confirmed in the presence of NaCl. The optimized current density with copper alloy cathodes was 6 mA/cm2. A feasible strategy was provided for the improving nitrate removal and minimizing by‐products.

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“…Under alkaline conditions, the removal percentage of

{NO}_{3}^{-} - N

{NO}_{3}^{-}

onto the electrode surface (Martínez et al, ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

{NO}_{3}^{-}

{NO}_{2}^{-}

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrochemical behaviors and influence factors of copper and copper alloys cathode for electrocatalytic nitrate removal

Zhang

Yin

Zhai

et al. 2019

Water Environment Research

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“…An alternative chemical degradation method for nitrate removal is hydrogenation. 18,19 Nitrate hydrogenation is a spontaneous energy releasing process (G < 0) by which hydrogen gas (H 2 ) is used to reduce nitrate to a potentially more useful or benign form of nitrogen, such as ammonia (NH 3 ) or dinitrogen (N 2 ), respectively (Scheme 1 and Table 1). Scheme 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mild and Selective Hydrogenation of Nitrate to Ammonia in the Absence of Noble Metals

et al. 2020

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Motivated by increased awareness about nitrate contamination of surface waters and its deleterious effects in human and animal health, we sought an alternative, non-noble metal catalyst for the chemical degradation of nitrate. First row transition metal phosphides recently emerged as excellent alternatives for hydrogen evolution and hydrotreating reactions. We demonstrate that a key member of this family, Ni2P, readily hydrogenates nitrate (NO3-) to ammonia (NH3) near ambient conditions with very high selectivity (96%). One of the few non-precious metal-based catalysts for this transformation, and among ca. 1% of catalysts with NH3 selectivity, Ni2P can be recycled multiple times with limited loss of activity. Both nitrite (NO2-) and nitric oxide (NO) intermediates are also hydrogenated. Density functional theory (DFT) indicates that-in the absence of a catalyst-nitrite hydrogenation is the reaction bottleneck. A variety of adsorbates (H, O, N, NO) induce surface reconstruction with top-layer Ni-rich surface stoichiometry. Critically, H saturation coverage on Ni2P(001) is only ca. 3 nm-2, significantly less than that on Pd(111) and Ni(111) of ca. 15-18 nm-2, which may play a key role in allowing coadsorption of NOx-. The ability of Earth-abundant, binary metal phosphides such as Ni2P to catalyze nitrate hydrogenation could transform and help us to better understand the basic science behind catalytic hydrogenation and, in turn, advance the next generation of oxyanion removal technologies. ABSTRACT:Motivated by increased awareness about nitrate contamination of surface waters and its deleterious effects in human and animal health, we sought an alternative, non-noble metal catalyst for the chemical degradation of nitrate. First-row transition metal phosphides recently emerged as excellent alternatives for hydrogen evolution and hydrotreating reactions. We demonstrate that a key member of this family, Ni 2 P readily hydrogenates nitrate (NO 3 -) to ammonia (NH 3 ) near ambient conditions with very high selectivity (96%). One of the few non-precious metal-based catalysts for this transformation, and among ca. 1% of catalysts with NH 3 selectivity, Ni 2 P can be recycled multiple times with limited loss of activity. Both nitrite (NO 2 -) and nitric oxide (NO) intermediates are also hydrogenated. Density functional theory (DFT) indicates that-in the absence of a catalyst-nitrite hydrogenation is the reaction bottleneck. A variety of adsorbates (H, O, N, NO) induce surface reconstruction with top-layer Ni-rich surface stoichiometry. Critically, H saturation coverage on Ni 2 P(001) is only ca. 3 nm -2 , significantly less than that on Pd(111) and Ni(111) of ca. 15-18 nm -2 , which may play a key role in allowing coadsorption of NO x -. The ability of Earth-abundant, binary metal phosphides such as Ni 2 P to catalyze nitrate hydrogenation could transform and help us better understand the basic science behind catalytic hydrogenation and, in turn, advance the next generation of oxyanion removal technologies. Triphenylphosph...

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“…Therefore, the removal of nitrate contaminant from water has attracted many attentions and proposed with various methods. Conventional approaches such as biological treatment, ion exchange, adsorption, reverse osmosis, electrochemical, and chemical methods show several limitations (Tyagi et al, 2018) while advanced methods using nanotechnology such as reduction by zero valent iron (Araújo et al, 2016), catalytic and electrocatalytic reduction (Martinez et al, 2017;Garcia-Segura et al, 2018), photocatalytic reduction (Tugaoen et al, 2017;Bahadori et al, 2018), adsorption (Bhatnagar and Sillanpää, 2011;Loganathan et al, 2013;Singh et al, 2018) emerge as potential technologies. Among these methods, adsorption using new and effective nanomaterials could be a very promising technology, which can remove nitrate from water and wastewater.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Simple Method for Synthesis of Triamine-SiO2Material toward Aqueous Nitrate Adsorption

Phan¹,

Nguyễn²,

Huy³

et al. 2019

EnNRJ

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This study describes a facile route for preparation of mesoporous silica at ambient condition using cheap and available commercial SiO2 precursor. The mesoporous material was then loaded with amine (Amine-P-SiO2) and applied for nitrate removal in aqueous solution. The materials were characterized by XRD, TGA, FTIR, and SEM to explore the properties. Effects of pH, nitrate concentration, adsorbent dosage, and temperature on the nitrate adsorption capacity were investigated. Amine-P-SiO2 material was superior to commercial adsorbent (Akualite A420) for nitrate adsorption with capacity reaching 32.5 mg/g and relatively stable after 10 cycles of adsorption-desorption. Moreover, the adsorption follows Langmuir model, proving that this chemical adsorption could effectively remove nitrate from aqueous solution for water and advanced wastewater treatment applications.

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State-of-the-art and perspectives of the catalytic and electrocatalytic reduction of aqueous nitrates

Cited by 427 publications

References 166 publications

Electrochemical behaviors and influence factors of copper and copper alloys cathode for electrocatalytic nitrate removal

Electrochemical behaviors and influence factors of copper and copper alloys cathode for electrocatalytic nitrate removal

Mild and Selective Hydrogenation of Nitrate to Ammonia in the Absence of Noble Metals

A Simple Method for Synthesis of Triamine-SiO2Material toward Aqueous Nitrate Adsorption

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