“…SPEs were customized in various configurations for SARS-CoV-2 detection (some components of the virus itself) [ 248 , 265 , 266 , 267 , 268 , 269 ], but also for the detection of some biomarkers useful for Covid 19 diagnosis (C-reactive protein, interleukins, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interferons, glutamate, breath pH, lymphocytes, platelets, neutrophils and D-dimer) [ 270 ]. Nanomaterials such as AuNPs, calixarene functionalized graphene, Au@Fe 3 O 4 nanocomposite (400 nm) and carbon black served as catalysts, bioreceptor or labels, but, also, they improved the electrochemical performance of the SPE-based sensors applied for the virus detection [ 248 , 265 , 266 , 267 , 268 , 269 ]. In the case of biomarkers sensing, several nanomaterials have been employed for SPEs modification, such as rGO, AuNPs and Ag/Pt-graphene nanocomposite [ 270 ].…”