“…Based on real-life scenarios encountered in German food SCs during the COVID-19 pandemic, we have developed and used a discrete-event simulation model to examine the impact of the pandemic on SC operations and performance. Previous research has provided strong and substantial insights about how to evaluate, measure, and improve resilience in SCs using simulations ( Wilson, 2007 , Carvalho et al, 2012 , Ghadge et al, 2013 , Schmitt et al, 2017 , Macdonald et al, 2018 , Currie et al, 2020 , Ivanov and Dolgui, 2021a , Llaguno et al, 2021 ). For example, Olivares-Aguila and ElMaraghy (2020) have suggested an evaluation framework for SC resilience using system dynamics simulation.…”