State-of-the-Art Imaging of the Placenta

Gandhi, Shital; Ohliger, Michael A.; Pōder, Liina

doi:10.1007/s40134-015-0127-7

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Fetal blood circulates separately within the villi that are floating in the maternal blood in the intervillous space or anchored to the maternal decidua. Abnormal placental function can be life‐threatening and have long‐term effects both for maternal and fetal health . For example, deficiencies in perfusion impede the nutrient exchange affecting placental function and fetal development .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Abnormal placental function can be life-threatening and have long-term effects both for maternal and fetal health. 2 For example, deficiencies in perfusion impede the nutrient exchange affecting placental function and fetal development. 3 Potentially in response to the reduced nutrient exchange, 3%-7% of first-time mothers develop pre-eclampsia (a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy), 4 and in some cases growth restriction of the fetus may result.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perfusion of the placenta assessed using arterial spin labeling and ferumoxytol dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in the rhesus macaque

Ludwig

Fain

Nguyen

et al. 2018

Magnetic Resonance in Med

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Purpose To investigate the correspondence between arterial spin labeling (ASL) flow‐sensitive alternating inversion recovery (FAIR) and ferumoxytol DCE MRI for the assessment of placental intervillous perfusion. Methods Ten pregnant macaques in late second trimester were imaged at 3 T using a 2D ASL FAIR, with and without outer‐volume saturation pulses used to control the bolus width, and a 3D ferumoxytol DCE‐MRI acquisition. The ASL tagged/control pairs were averaged, subtracted, and normalized to create perfusion ratio maps. Contrast arrival time and uptake slope were estimated by fitting the DCE data to a sigmoid function. Macaques (N = 4) received interleukin‐1β to induce inflammation and disrupt perfusion. Results The FAIR tag modification with outer‐volume saturation reduced the median ASL ratio percentage compared with conventional FAIR (0.64% ± 1.42% versus 0.71% ± 2.00%; P < .05). Extended ferumoxytol arrival times (34 ± 25 seconds) were observed across the placenta. No significant DCE signal change was measured in fetal tissue (−0.6% ± 3.0%; P = .52) or amniotic fluid (1.9% ± 8.8%; P = .59). High ASL ratio was significantly correlated with early arrival time and high uptake slope (P < .05), but ASL signal was not above noise in late‐DCE‐enhancing regions. No significant differences were observed in perfusion measurements between the interleukin‐1β and controls (P > .05). Conclusion The ASL‐FAIR and ferumoxytol DCE‐MRI methods are feasible to detect early blood delivery to the macaque placenta. Outer volume saturation reduced the high macrovascular ASL signal. Interleukin‐1β exposure did not alter placental intervillous perfusion. An endogenous‐labeling perfusion technique is limited due to extended transit times for flow within the placenta beyond the immediate vicinity of the maternal spiral arteries.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%