“…Designers typically aim to produce robust or resilient systems; however, regular maintenance, repair, and overhaul (MRO) services are still required to prolong life. Current research in MRO focuses on condition monitoring, predictive maintenance and preventive maintenance which still require human intervention (de Jonge and Scarf 2020; Redding and Tjahjono 2018;Roy et al 2016;Zonta et al 2020;Kang, Sobral, and Guedes Soares 2019a). To maintain future systems, a more ambitious self-engineering system design is required which can maintain key functions of a system or product, despite lifetime degradation, wear, damage, or failures.…”