State of the Art in Dual-Curing Acrylate Systems

Abstract

Acrylate chemistry has found widespread use in dual-curing systems over the years. Acrylates are cheap, easily handled and versatile monomers that can undergo facile chain-wise or step-wise polymerization reactions that are mostly of the "click" nature. Their dual-curing processes yield two distinct and temporally stable sets of material properties at each curing stage, thereby allowing process flexibility. The review begins with an introduction to acrylate-based click chemistries behind dual-curing systems and relevant reaction mechanisms. It then provides an overview of reaction combinations that can be encountered in these systems. It finishes with a survey of recent and breakthrough research in acrylate dual-curing materials for shape memory polymers, optical materials, photolithography, protective coatings, structured surface topologies, and holographic materials.

Direct Conjugation of Streptavidin to Encoded Hydrogel Microparticles for Multiplex Biomolecule Detection with Rapid Probe-Set Modification

“…However, due to the absence of reactive groups of streptavidin (e.g., thiols) [30], we introduced the aza-Michael addition click reaction to directly conjugate streptavidin into the unreacted double bonds remaining in hydrogel microparticles. aza-Michael addition reaction is involved in the formation of a C-N bond between α,β-unsaturated compounds and nitrogen donors (Figure 1b) [31,32]. In our case, α,β-unsaturated compounds are unreacted double bonds, and nitrogen donors are primary amine groups of streptavidin.…”

“…In our case, α,β-unsaturated compounds are unreacted double bonds, and nitrogen donors are primary amine groups of streptavidin. Although the aza-Michael addition reaction is not the part of the classically defined click reactions, their concepts are similar to that of click reactions including (1) proceeds in mild and aqueous conditions, (2) insensitivity to oxygen or water, and (3) applicability to biomolecules without producing hazardous substances, and thus has been considered to fit click criteria [32][33][34][35]. In addition, the reaction is one of the most widely used reactions for the addition of amines to acrylates, especially in protein modification [36,37].…”

Design Principle of Reactive Components for Dimethacrylate‐Terminated Quantum Dots: Preserved Photoluminescent Quantum Yield, Excellent Pattern Uniformity, and Suppression of Aggregation in the Matrix

“…Alternatively, low toxic solvents (e.g., ethanol)25 have been introduced but are impractical due to the low flash point. In addition, severe QD aggregation4,13,16,26–29 during dispersion and micro‐patterning30–35 is the next notable problem, which is caused by the incompatibility between the surface ligand and binders such as polymers, reactive monomers/oligomers, and functional additives in the photopolymerizable mixtures 36–39…”

“…In addition, severe QD aggregation [4,13,16,[26][27][28][29] during dispersion and micro-patterning [30][31][32][33][34][35] is the next notable problem, which is caused by the incompatibility between the surface ligand and binders such as polymers, reactive monomers/oligomers, and functional additives in the photopolymerizable mixtures. [36][37][38][39] In this work, it is investigated various reactive components (denoted as a reactive cross-partner [CP]) that enable excellent compatibility with surface modified QDs and demonstrated low-cost, eco-friendly, and high-performance QD photoresist. To do this, a comprehensive investigation of ligand exchange, surface analysis by spectroscopic techniques, particle size distribution by dynamic light scattering (DLS), and optical properties is carried out and it is followed by analysis of the structuredependent compatibility between the reactive components and the functionalized QDs.…”

Charge Transfer Complexes based on Various Amines as Dual Thermal and Photochemical Polymerization Initiators: A Powerful Tool for the Access to Composites

“…INTRODUCTION Exploiting highly efficient, environmentally friendly, and economic photo/thermal dual initiators is always the pursuit of materials practitioners and innovators. [1][2][3][4][5] Indeed on one hand thermal manufacturing of polymers shows no spatial resolution and uses hazardous components (peroxides or aza compounds). 6 On the other hand, photopolymerization is well time and spatially resolved-see for example the photoredox work of Boydston, Hawkers and other groups 4,5,7-9 -but lacks of robustness in thick or filled materials (e.g.,composites).…”