State of the Art in Control of Inclusions, Their Characterization, and Future Requirements

Kaushik, Pallava; Lehmann, J.; Nadif, M.

doi:10.1007/s11663-012-9646-2

Cited by 66 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…4,5) With the increasing demand of the high performance steels, reducing the size of the inclusions and controlling their characteristics are considered to be important. 3,[6][7][8] Pipeline steels are required to have better properties such as high strength, good toughness, excellent HIC resistance for an inevitable harsh environment in the long distance transportation of oil or natural gas. 2,9,10) It is very important to control inclusions such as oxides and sulfides and obtain acicular ferrite (AF) in the steels for their better properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Al Content on the Characteristics of Inclusions in Al–Ti Complex Deoxidized Steel with Calcium Treatment

Zheng

et al. 2014

ISIJ Int.

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To improve the effect of calcium treatment and the cleanliness of steel and to make use of fine TiOx to refine the microstructure of steel, the effect of aluminum content on inclusion characteristics of aluminum-titanium complex deoxidized and calcium treated steel is investigated based on the experiment with SEM/EDS, Image Pro-Plus 6.0 and FactSage 6.1 softwares and thermodynamic calculation in the present work. The results show that the inclusions in two steels with different aluminum content are obviously spherical composite inclusions with a two-layer complex structure, consisting of an Al2O3-CaO-TiOX core surrounded by MnS. In low aluminum steel, the oxide core of inclusions contains much TiOx and CaO, and their composite structure is mosaic compared with bundle in high aluminum steel, the number of inclusions is 2.5 times more than that in high aluminum steel, the thickness of MnS on oxides surface is also thinner. In addition, melting point of the inclusions in low aluminum steel is lower, the cleanliness of the steel is relatively improved because of the inclusions floating up, and the deformation aspect ratio of calcium aluminate inclusions with a certain amount of Ti2O3 is effectively improved, which is about 1-2 while the composition of oxide core is xAl 2 O 3 = 35-55%, xTi 2 O 3 = 15-35%, and xCaO = 10-25%. As a result, less calcium is needed to modify the alumina inclusions to liquid calcium aluminate in the case of lower aluminum deoxidized steel, thus the calcium treatment effect can be improved. The low aluminum in steel is more effective to control the inclusion characteristics to reduce the harm of MnS and to improve the cleanliness of steel.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Al Content on the Characteristics of Inclusions in Al–Ti Complex Deoxidized Steel with Calcium Treatment

Zheng

et al. 2014

ISIJ Int.

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“…Therefore, the hydrogen content in steel was measured on selected heats after completion of heat processing at Stirring Station and subsequently the hydrogen content was measured during their casting in the tundish using the movable Hydris ® -Lab analyser from Heraeus Company. To study the inclusions in the steelmaking process and final products, techniques are being developed to rapidly identify inclusions in steel [7,8]. Understanding the origin of inclusions and developing practices to control their composition and content in liquid steel are key point for optimization of production processes and parameters [9,10].…”

Section: Materials and Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Dry Tundish Working Lining and Cold Start of Casting on Steel Cleanliness

Molnár¹,

Tréfa²,

Grimplini³

et al. 2014

Acta Metall. Slovaca Conf.

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Current global trends in the development of new materials and technologies, as well as the increasing demands for performance and lifetime of individual production units in steel casting brought several key innovative features, including the method of preparing tundish working lining and conditions for its direct utilization in the casting process. Since the worldwide introduction of dry tundish lining and cold start casting concept, there were several Research projects related to this technology from the refractory point of view, however, only limited findings were presented about its influence on liquid steel and overall casting process. Besides the initial measurements and evaluation of hydrogen pickup during casting of the first and second heat on tundish, this research work was focused on investigation of influence of mentioned technology on cleanliness of tin steel grades, especially the presence of spinel type inclusions (Al 2 O 3 x MgO) and its direct comparison with regularly used wet tundish working lining practice.

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“…Table 1 [18,19] shows the most common sample types and different characterization techniques that can be used, considering both direct and indirect methods. At times, a technique that may be used on a certain type of sample is not recommended because of difficulties associated with sampling or the analysis technique.…”

Section: Sample Collection For Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The major advantage of this technique is the ease and speed of obtaining values that are directly related to cleanliness and easier to correlate with meltshop process parameters, such as processing times and the chemical composition of the steel itself and slag. The most common method for measuring total oxygen is a testing procedure using equipment that simultaneously analyzes oxygen and nitrogen in the sample [18,19]. Although this is a quick and easy technique for evaluating cleanliness during the various production stages; it is only applicable for oxide inclusions and provides no information on the chemical composition and morphology of inclusions.…”

Section: Total Oxygenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of inclusion analysis via manual and automated SEM and total oxygen content of steel

Bartosiaki

Pereira

Bielefeldt

et al. 2015

Journal of Materials Research and Technology

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State of the Art in Control of Inclusions, Their Characterization, and Future Requirements

Cited by 66 publications

References 18 publications

Effect of Al Content on the Characteristics of Inclusions in Al–Ti Complex Deoxidized Steel with Calcium Treatment

Effect of Al Content on the Characteristics of Inclusions in Al–Ti Complex Deoxidized Steel with Calcium Treatment

Influence of Dry Tundish Working Lining and Cold Start of Casting on Steel Cleanliness

Assessment of inclusion analysis via manual and automated SEM and total oxygen content of steel

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