State of the Art in Steel Mill Dust Recycling

Antrekowitsch, Jürgen; Rösler, Gernot; Steinacker, Stephan

doi:10.1002/cite.201500073

Cited by 41 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The evaporation rate of zinc in sample B6 is 90.47%, which is less than that of sample A6, 99.80%. According to the test results, even though the reactants diffused very slowly through the solid product layer, the reduction and evaporation of zinc still occurred slowly and mainly depended on the reduction of the iron particles, as shown in Equation (12) [19,20]. On the basis of Figure 4 and Table 3, the relationship between the metal iron and FeO content suggests that ZnO is reduced by part of the metallic iron that is reduced via silicon during the heating process.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Silicon Reductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…ZnO(s) + Fe(s) = Zn(g) + FeO(s)∆G θ 10 = 201066.8 − 138.33T (12) diffusion of CO and zinc (g) are improved when the temperature is higher than 908.47 °C. Therefore, the evaporation rate of zinc increased quickly in the temperature range of 900-1100 °C.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Silicon Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although these processes can recycle the dust and sludge of iron and steel enterprises to some extent, they all have shortcomings. For example, the Waelz kiln process has higher requirements for raw materials, higher energy consumption, unstable production and operation, and a limited processing scale [12]. The main product of the RHF is metallized pellets, but its product has a high sulfur content, and the process has a low production efficiency and a large investment [13].…”

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confidence: 99%

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An Experimental Study on the Reduction Behavior of Dust Generated from Electric Arc Furnace

Zhang

Zeng

et al. 2019

Applied Sciences

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To improve the utilization value of electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) containing zinc, the reduction behavior of non-agglomerate dust was investigated with carbon and ferrosilicon in an induction furnace. The experimental results show that when the temperature increases, the zinc evaporation rate increases. When the reducing agent is carbon, zinc evaporation mainly occurs in the range of 900–1100 °C. When the reducing agent is ferrosilicon, zinc begins to evaporate at 800 °C, but the zinc evaporation rate is 90.47% at 1200 °C and lower than 99.80% with carbon used as a reducing agent at 1200 °C. For the carbon reduction, the iron metallization rate increases with a rise in the temperature. When the reducing agent is ferrosilicon, with an increase in temperature, the metallization rate first increases, then decreases, and finally, increases, which is mainly due to the reaction between the metallic iron and ZnO. In addition, the residual zinc in the EAFD is mainly dispersed in the form of a spinel solution near the metallic phase.

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Section: Characteristics Of Silicon Reductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Characteristics Of Silicon Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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An Experimental Study on the Reduction Behavior of Dust Generated from Electric Arc Furnace

Zhang

Zeng

et al. 2019

Applied Sciences

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“…Hence, there has been a trend to send less EAF dust to landfills and recover more using external methods. The most common of these is the (pyrometallurgical) Waelz-kiln process [5,99], accounting for around 80%. A Waelz kiln is expensive, but it is attractive for EAF dusts with 15-20% zinc and plant capacities of at least 50,000 tons/year [100].…”

Section: Pyrometallurgical Versus Hydrometallurgical Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrometallurgical Processes for the Recovery of Metals from Steel Industry By-Products: A Critical Review

Binnemans

Jones

Fernández

et al. 2020

J. Sustain. Metall.

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The state of the art for the recovery of metals from steel industry by-products using hydrometallurgical processes is reviewed. The steel by-products are different slags, dusts, and sludges from a blast furnace (BF), basic oxygen furnace (BOF), electric arc furnace (EAF), and sinter plant, as well as oily mill scale and pickling sludge. The review highlights that dusts and sludges are harder to valorize than slags, while the internal recycling of dusts and sludges in steelmaking is inhibited by their high zinc content. Although the objectives of treating BF sludges, BOF sludges, and EAF dust are similar, i.e., the removal of zinc and the generation of an Fe-rich residue to be returned to the steel plant, these three classes of by-products have specific mineralogical compositions and zinc contents. Because wide variations in the mineralogical composition and zinc content occur, it is impossible to develop a one-size-fits-all flow sheet with a fixed set of process conditions. The reason for the interest in EAF dust is its high zinc content, by far the highest of all steel by-products. However, EAF dust is usually studied from the perspective of the zinc industry. There are not only different concentrations of zinc, but also variations in the all-important ZnO/ZnFe2O4 (zincite-to-franklinite) ratio. In many chemical processes, only the ZnO dissolves, while the ZnFe2O4 is too refractory and reports to the residue. It only dissolves in concentrated acids, or if the dust is pre-treated, e.g., with a reductive roasting step. The dissolution of ZnFe2O4 in acidic solutions also brings significant amounts of iron in solution. Finally, due to its high potassium chloride content, sinter-plant dust could be a source of potassium for the fertilizer industry. Graphical Abstract

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“…As a result, large amounts of dusts cannot be recycled via the sinter plant . For the treatment of such dusts various hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical processes have been developed in the past to separate Zn and Pb from these dusts . However, only dusts with a high Zn content like the dusts from electric arc furnace steelmaking are usually processed via these process routes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of Air Classification in Dust Recycling in the Iron and Steel Industry

Lanzerstorfer

Angerbauer

Gaßlbauer

2018

steel research int.

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The potential of air classification of dusts from dry off‐gas cleaning for improved recycling of these dusts is investigated. By air classification, a dust can be separated into a coarse fraction and a fine fraction. Some components which are usually unwanted in recycled dust like alkali chlorides and Zn and Pb are often enriched in the fine dust fraction. Thus, air classification of dust before recycling will allow recycling of an increased amount of dust and, thereby reduce the amount of dust which has to be sent to landfill. The feasibility of such treatment is studied on the basis of estimated investment costs and operating costs. The main factors affecting the feasibility of such a treatment are the capacity of the unit, the cost of landfill of the respective dust, and the fraction of dust which can additionally be recycled after the treatment. The investigation of classification of BF dusts and sinter plant dust shows that economic operation can be reached under the assumed conditions at landfill costs above 35–60 EUR/t for BF dust and 90 EUR/t for sinter plant dry desulfurization and de‐dusting residue. The integration of air classification into EAF dust in‐plant recycling can be feasible, too.

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State of the Art in Steel Mill Dust Recycling

Cited by 41 publications

References 4 publications

An Experimental Study on the Reduction Behavior of Dust Generated from Electric Arc Furnace

An Experimental Study on the Reduction Behavior of Dust Generated from Electric Arc Furnace

Hydrometallurgical Processes for the Recovery of Metals from Steel Industry By-Products: A Critical Review

Feasibility of Air Classification in Dust Recycling in the Iron and Steel Industry

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