State‐of‐the‐art microelectrodes for in vivo voltammetry

Broderick, Patricia A.

doi:10.1002/elan.1140020312

Cited by 52 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 173 publications

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“…Then, a gas chromatographic and a combustion analysis method for the exact determination of electrode paste composition after paste synthesis can be performed. These methods are also published (3). A medium exchange technique was performed on each electrode in vitro before surgical insertion and implantation of the electrode in vivo.…”

Section: In Vivo Voltammetrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cocaine: On-line analysis of an accumbens amine neural basis for psychomotor behavior

Broderick

1991

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

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Dose-response studies on subcutaneous cocaine were done to ascertain its effects in nucleus accumbens in dopaminergic and serotonergic neuronal circuitry in the behaving rat with in vivo voltammetry. Simultaneously, and at each dose of cocaine, unconditioned psychomotor stimulant behavior induced by cocaine was studied in terms of multiple concurrent measures of spontaneous behavior and by activity pattern analysis, a study of spatial patterns of locomotion. Time course studies showed that the neurochemical effects of cocaine (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg SC) significantly (p less than 0.0001) increased accumbens synaptic concentrations of dopamine (DA) and concurrently and significantly (p less than 0.0001) decreased accumbens synaptic concentrations of serotonin (5-HT) in a dose response manner. Simultaneous behavioral time course studies showed that cocaine (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg SC) significantly (p less than 0.0001) increased ambulations (locomotor activity), fine movements (stereotypic movements of sniffing and grooming) and rearing behavior, while significantly decreasing agoraphobic behavior, as measured by a statistically significant increase in central ambulations (p less than 0.0001). The high dose of cocaine (40 mg/kg SC) significantly increased fine movements over those produced by the lower doses of cocaine (p less than 0.0002). One import of the findings is that the DA and 5-HT biogenic amine response occurs in a behavioral paradigm of psychomotor stimulation, which is a known measure of reinforcement. Another is that the biogenic amines DA and 5-HT are affected by cocaine in this reinforcement paradigm with exactly opposite directionality. Finally, acute cocaine administration is shown to produce a dose response inhibition of agoraphobia (fear), which is highly correlated (p = .983, p less than 0.01) with the opposing effects of cocaine on the accumbens biogenic amines, DA and 5-HT.

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Section: In Vivo Voltammetrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cocaine: On-line analysis of an accumbens amine neural basis for psychomotor behavior

Broderick

1991

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

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“…For example, in vivo analysis [9] and voltammetry in solutions with no electrolyte are greatly facilitated by very small electrodes. Also o f importance to the analytical chemist is the greater flux inherent in the spherical or cylindrical diffision characteristic of microelectrodes at long experimental time scales [ 131.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anodic stripping voltammetric analysis of selenium: Comparison of electrode geometries

1993

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Gold macrodisk, microdisk, and microband electrodes are compared for the anodic stripping voltammetry of Se(IV>. All of these electrodes show a stripping peak at 0.79 V with a width at half height of 80-90 mV. The linear dynamic range, limit of detection, sensitivity, and precision are compared when using the three electrodes. Although flux at the microelectrodes is greater than at the macroelectrode, the limit of detection is similar for all three geometries. The linear dynamic range is smallest when using the microdisk electrode. The precision of the peak current is best with the macrodisk electrode. Although microelectrodes enjoy many advantages in analyses based on reversible systems, these advantages are not always realized with irreversible systems.

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“…It appears that it is the continual process of oil removal by lipids and other surfactant media [41,42,47,108,109] that enables CPEs to function efficiently in the present of proteins [47]; see Figure 5. However, this factor may undermine the use of CPEs that have been bulk modified with lipophiles, such as stearic acid, for the detection of DA [110,111] because such species can be removed from the electrode surface following contact with brain tissue [42], although this point is still subject to debate [33]. …”

Section: Carbon Paste Electrodes For In-vivo Voltammetrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Monitoring of Brain Dopamine Metabolism In Vivo with Carbon Paste Electrodes

O’Neill

2005

Sensors

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This review focuses on the stability of voltammetric signals recorded over periods of months with carbon paste electrodes (CPEs) implanted in the brain. The key interaction underlying this stability is between the pasting oil and brain lipids that are capable of inhibiting the fouling caused by proteins. In brain regions receiving a significant dopaminergic input, a peak due to the methylated metabolites of dopamine, principally homovanillic acid (HVA), is clearly resolved using slow sweep voltammetry. Although a number of factors limit the time resolution for monitoring brain HVA concentration dynamics, the stability of CPEs allows investigations of long-term effects of drugs, as well as behavioral studies, not possible using other in-vivo monitoring techniques.

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State‐of‐the‐art microelectrodes for in vivo voltammetry

Cited by 52 publications

References 173 publications

Cocaine: On-line analysis of an accumbens amine neural basis for psychomotor behavior

Cocaine: On-line analysis of an accumbens amine neural basis for psychomotor behavior

Anodic stripping voltammetric analysis of selenium: Comparison of electrode geometries

Long-Term Monitoring of Brain Dopamine Metabolism In Vivo with Carbon Paste Electrodes

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