This research investigates the potential use of glass powder, both rough and smooth, as a partial replacement for sand in concrete compositions, alongside the inclusion of 5% fly ash as a cement substitute, with the goal of enhancing mechanical properties and promoting sustainability. A series of cylindrical concrete samples were prepared using varying proportions of rough, smooth, and mixed glass powders, replacing sand at levels of 10%, 15%, 20%, and 30%. A control group, with no glass powder or fly ash, was included for comparison. Compressive strength tests were conducted to evaluate the structural performance of each mix. The results revealed that the type of glass powder, the percentage of replacement, and the inclusion of fly ash had significant effects on compressive strength. Rough glass powder showed notable improvements in strength at moderate replacement levels, with a peak strength of 23.26 MPa at 15% replacement, but performance dropped at higher levels due to reduced cohesion. Smooth glass powder demonstrated more consistent results, achieving a compressive strength of 21.06 MPa at 30% replacement, closely matching the control. The most promising results came from the mixed glass powder, which reached a compressive strength of 21.57 MPa at 30% replacement, suggesting that combining rough and smooth glass can enhance both bonding and workability. The addition of fly ash further contributed to improved workability and durability across all samples. These findings suggest that glass powder, particularly in mixed form, along with fly ash, can serve as a viable and environmentally friendly partial replacement for sand and cement in concrete, offering potential applications in construction while promoting sustainability through the reuse of waste materials.