State of the Art on the Conventional Processes for Ethanol Production

Küüt, A.; Ritslaid, K.; Küüt, Keio; Ilves, Risto; Olt, Jüri

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-811458-2.00003-1

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…Electrochemical conversion of CO 2 to ethanol, however, is currently not economically viable due to the well-established industrial processes for producing ethanol (i.e., fermentation of biomass). [128] Hence, dramatic improvements on the ethanol FE and current density are needed to make the CO 2 -to-ethanol electrochemical conversion process economically competitive.…”

Section: Selective Production Of Ethanolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Catalyst Structure and Composition Engineering Strategies for Regulating CO₂ Electrochemical Reduction

et al. 2021

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Figure 4. a) Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image of pulse-electrodeposited Cu and the configuration of proposed (210) step active sites.Reproduced with permission. [68] Copyright 2017, American Chemical Society. b) Comparison of free energy diagram toward *CHO generation on Cu(111) and Cu 3 Pd(211) surfaces. Reproduced with permission. [72] Copyright 2018, Wiley-VCH. c) The selectivity of products as a function on Cu 100−x Zn x nanoparticles at −1.35 V versus RHE. Reproduced with permission. [73] Copyright 2019, American Chemical Society. d) Proposed CO 2 -to-methane conversion pathway on single-atom Zn-N-C catalysts. Reproduced with permission. [80] Copyright 2020, American Chemical Society.

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Section: Selective Production Of Ethanolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Catalyst Structure and Composition Engineering Strategies for Regulating CO₂ Electrochemical Reduction

et al. 2021

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“…C 2 H 5 OH was considered as a coproduct due to its modest CO 2 RR selectivity and high market value. C 2 H 5 OH was extracted at 95 wt % via double distillation − from the azeotropic mixture of H 2 O, CH 2 O 2 , C 2 H 4 O 2 , and C 3 H 7 OH. The remaining liquid species were considered as waste.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each separation stage was assigned to an equation of state according to the literature (Supporting Information Note 2). − C 2 H 4 was the main product, but syngas (a mixture of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H 2 )), oxygen (O 2 ), and C 2 H 5 OH were valorized as coproducts.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scale-Dependent Techno-Economic Analysis of CO₂ Capture and Electroreduction to Ethylene

Alerte,

Gaona,

Edwards

et al. 2023

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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The decarbonization of the chemical industry is essential to mitigate carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Ethylene (C2H4) is the highest production petrochemical globally. When powered by renewable electricity, the electrochemical conversion of CO2 to C2H4 offers a promising route to low carbon C2H4 production. We perform a detailed techno-economic assessment (TEA) of the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) process, converting CO2 from an industrial point source to polymer-grade C2H4. We pair the CO2 electrolyzer with industrially mature upstream and downstream separation technologies in an Aspen Plus model. This comprehensive approach enables us to assess the valorization of both gas and liquid byproduct streams at commercial specification and assess the viability of these processes as a function of scale. We demonstrate that a minimum plant size of ∼3,000 tonne C2H4/year is needed to achieve economies of scale among the upstream and downstream processes. This minimum plant size is ∼200-fold smaller than that of conventional C2H4 plants, coincides with that of typical utility-scale solar installations (∼25 MW), and could enable a more distributed model of chemical production going forward. We further highlight technical and economic enablers that would increase the profitability of the CO2RR to C2H4 technology.

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“…Azam et al [123] investigated the fuel cell performance with an ethanol fuel concentration 0.5-3.0 M and operating temperature at ambient temperature to 85 • C, which resulted in a maximum power density of 8.70 mW/cm 2 at 85 • C, ethanol flux of values 3.71 × 10 −4 and 8.79 × 10 −4 g/m 2 •s for 0.5 and 3.0 M ethanol concentrations, respectively. Conventional ethanol fuel is produced from the chemical path via hydration of ethylene (which is a by-product from the manufacturing of oil) [124]. Bioethanol can be usually obtained from bio-sources such as sugarcane, corn, date palm, paper mill sludge, and wheat [125][126][127][128][129].…”

Section: Ethanol Fuelmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Operating Parameters, Structural Composition, and Fuel Sustainability Aspects of PEM Fuel Cells: A Mini Review

Tawalbeh

Alarab

Al‐Othman

et al. 2022

Fuels

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This mini review discusses the sustainability aspects of various fuels for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). PEMFCs operate by converting the chemical energy in a fuel into electrical energy. The most crucial parameters in the operation process are the temperature, pressure, relative humidity, and air stoichiometry ratio, as presented in this work. The classical structure of a PEMFC consists of a proton exchange membrane, anode electrode, cathode electrode, catalyst layers (CLs), microporous layer (MPLs), gas diffusion layers (GDLs), two bipolar plates (BPs), and gas flow channels (GFCs). The mechanical behavior and the conductivity of the protons are highly dependent on the structure of the MEAs. This review discusses the various fuels and their production paths from sustainable sources. For the fuel production process to be renewable and sustainable, a hydrogen electrolyzer could be powered from solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy, or hydroelectric energy, to produce hydrogen, which in turn could be fed into the fuel cell. This paper also reviews biomass-based routes for sustainable fuel production.

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State of the Art on the Conventional Processes for Ethanol Production

Cited by 8 publications

References 89 publications

Recent Advances in Catalyst Structure and Composition Engineering Strategies for Regulating CO₂ Electrochemical Reduction

Recent Advances in Catalyst Structure and Composition Engineering Strategies for Regulating CO₂ Electrochemical Reduction

Scale-Dependent Techno-Economic Analysis of CO₂ Capture and Electroreduction to Ethylene

The Operating Parameters, Structural Composition, and Fuel Sustainability Aspects of PEM Fuel Cells: A Mini Review

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State of the Art on the Conventional Processes for Ethanol Production

Cited by 8 publications

References 89 publications

Recent Advances in Catalyst Structure and Composition Engineering Strategies for Regulating CO2 Electrochemical Reduction

Recent Advances in Catalyst Structure and Composition Engineering Strategies for Regulating CO2 Electrochemical Reduction

Scale-Dependent Techno-Economic Analysis of CO2 Capture and Electroreduction to Ethylene

The Operating Parameters, Structural Composition, and Fuel Sustainability Aspects of PEM Fuel Cells: A Mini Review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Recent Advances in Catalyst Structure and Composition Engineering Strategies for Regulating CO₂ Electrochemical Reduction

Recent Advances in Catalyst Structure and Composition Engineering Strategies for Regulating CO₂ Electrochemical Reduction

Scale-Dependent Techno-Economic Analysis of CO₂ Capture and Electroreduction to Ethylene