State of the art paper Urinary tract infections in pregnancy: old and new unresolved diagnostic and therapeutic problems

Abstract

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in pregnant women and pose a great therapeutic challenge, since the risk of serious complications in both the mother and her child is high. Pregnancy is a state associated with physiological, structural and functional urinary tract changes which promote ascending infections from the urethra. Unlike the general population, all pregnant women should be screened for bacteriuria with urine culture, and asymptomatic bacteriuria must be treated in every case that is diagnosed, as it is an important risk factor for pyelonephritis in this population. The antibiotic chosen should have a good maternal and fetal safety profile. In this paper, current principles of diagnosis and management of UTI in pregnancy are reviewed, and the main problems and controversies are identified and discussed.

Correlation of Urinary Tract Infection Pathogens, Antibiogram and Age Group in Pregnant Women

“…There is significant statistical variation (P<0.005) between UTI and age group. This is in agreement with other studies [3,8].…”

“…Also, in agreement with other studies where female showed higher UTI prevalence than male [37][38][39][40]. However, the incident rate in this study is higher than the incidence rates reported in other studies [3,8,12,[41][42][43][44][45], such a difference could be due to geographic location and different in environmental conditions [3], Other factors associated with increasing incidence rate in developing countries such as lack of proper hygiene, different environmental status, population susceptibility, low socio-economic status, sexual intercourse and pregnancy [3,41].…”

“…This is reinforcing the need for laying out control policy for prescribing antibiotics [1][2][3]. Although organisms such as S. aureus and P. aeruginosa and have been documented to show MDR [3][4][5][6] particularly in Hospital.…”

“…This is reinforcing the need for laying out control policy for prescribing antibiotics [1][2][3]. Although organisms such as S. aureus and P. aeruginosa and have been documented to show MDR [3][4][5][6] particularly in Hospital. The high Multidrug resistant pattern for S. aureus followed by P. aeruginosa and E. coli for certain drugs showed is not surprising because these organisms documented to have high resistance rate particularly S. aureus [3,5,6], which is commonly found in hospital environment, antenatal clinics and community [4,37].…”

“…Many studies reported the significance of UTI during pregnancy although pregnancy does not cause UTI [3][4][5][6], however, the complexity of urinary tract system and changes during pregnancy account for susceptibility to infection [3][4][5]7,8] Urinary tract infections have been reported in all age groups and can occur in both sexes [2,9] and pregnant women are not an exception [5,6]. UTI is a serious health problem worldwide affecting millions of people each year and the leading cause of Gram-negative bacteria [9,10].…”