State of the art perturb and observe MPPT algorithms based wind energy conversion systems: A technology review

Mousa, Hossam H. H.; Youssef, Abdel‐Raheem; Mohamed, Essam E. M.

doi:10.1016/j.ijepes.2020.106598

Cited by 139 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 206 publications

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“…To extract all available wind power, several researchers have developed different maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques for regulating the generated mechanical power from the wind turbine (WT) under changeable climate environments. In recent literature [ 6 , 7 ], the MPPT algorithms are clustered into the direct power controller (DPC) and indirect power controller (IPC), as shown in Figure 1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To overcome the limitations of recent HCS techniques as investigated in [ 6 ], this paper proposes a new adaptive HCS (AD-HCS) technique with a dynamic perturbation step size for a grid-tied double-fed induction generator (DFIG)-based WECS. Furthermore, the main objectives of the proposed technique can be summarized as follows: The suggested algorithm has the ability to regulate rotor speed under different operating conditions by using the model reference adaptive control (MRAC) based on PID.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Robust Adaptive HCS MPPT Algorithm-Based Wind Generation System Using Model Reference Adaptive Control

Alrowaili

Ali

Youssef

et al. 2021

Sensors

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To treat the stochastic wind nature, it is required to attain all available power from the wind energy conversion system (WECS). Therefore, several maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques are utilized. Among them, hill-climbing search (HCS) techniques are widely implemented owing to their various features. Regarding current HCS techniques, the rotor speed is mainly perturbed using predefined constants or objective functions, which makes the selection of step sizes a multifaceted task. These limitations are directly reflected in the overall dynamic WECS performance such as tracking speed, power fluctuations, and system efficiency. To deal with the challenges of the existing HCS techniques, this paper proposes a new adaptive HCS (AD-HCS) technique with self-adjustable step size using model reference adaptive control (MRAC) based on the PID controller. Firstly, the mechanical power fluctuations are detected, then the MRAC continuously optimizes the PID gains so as to generate an appropriate dynamic step size until harvesting the maximum power point (MPP) under the optimal tracking conditions. Looking specifically at the simulation results, the proposed AD-HCS technique exhibits low oscillations around the MPP and a small settling time. Moreover, WECS efficiency is increased by 5% and 2% compared to the conventional and recent HCS techniques, respectively. Finally, the studied system is confirmed over a 1.5 MW, gird-tied, double-fed induction generator (DFIG) WECS using MATLAB/Simulink.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust Adaptive HCS MPPT Algorithm-Based Wind Generation System Using Model Reference Adaptive Control

Alrowaili

Ali

Youssef

et al. 2021

Sensors

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“…In paper [3], the novel purb and observe (P&O) algorithm was developed to track the optimal power point and decrease the effects of harmonic distortion of the wind energy conversion system. Moreover, the MPPT algorithm for the off-shore wind turbine system has been presented in paper [6] in which the active-rectifier d-axis current was employed to control whole system. Although there are a plenty of studies concentrating on WECS in past few years, up to now, studying about WECS is still a promising land for researchers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust MPPT Observer-Based Control System for Wind Energy Conversion System With Uncertainties and Disturbance

Ngo

et al. 2021

IEEE Access

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The problem of tracking the maximum power point for the wind energy conversion system (WECS) is taken into consideration in this paper. The WECSs in this article is simultaneously affected by the uncertainties and the arbitrary disturbance that cause the WECSs to be much more challenging to control. A new method to synthesize a polynomial disturbance observer for estimating the aerodynamic torque, wind speed, and electromagnetic torque without using sensors is proposed in this paper. Unlike the previous methods, in this work, both the uncertainties and the disturbance are estimated, then estimations of the uncertainties and disturbance are transmitted to the Linear Quadratic Regular (LQR) controller for eliminating the influences of the uncertainties and disturbance; and tracking the optimal power point of WECS. It should be noted that the uncertainties in this work are time-varying and both uncertainties and disturbance do not need to satisfy the bounded constraints. The wind speed and aerodynamic torque are arbitrary and unnecessary to fulfil the low-varying constraint or r th time derivative bound. On the basis of Lyapunov methodology and sum-of-square technique (SOS), the main theorems are derived to design the polynomial disturbance observer. Finally, the simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness and merit of the proposed method.

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“…A remarkable method for maximizing C p is known as Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) [23], and several techniques have been developed such as Perturb and Observe (P&O) [24][25][26][27], Optimal Torque Control (OTC) [28,29], Hill-Climb Searching (HCS) [30,31], Power Signal Feedback (PSF) [32,33], Tip Speed Ratio (TSR) [34,35] and some based on neural-networks algorithms [36,37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wind Power Extraction Optimization by Dynamic Gain Scheduling Approximation Based on Non-Linear Functions for a WECS Based on a PMSG

González-Hernández

Salas-Cabrera

2021

Mathematics

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Mathematical models and algorithms for maximizing power extraction have become an essential topic in renewable energies in the last years, especially in wind energy conversion systems. This study proposes maximum power point tracking using gain scheduling approximations for an emulated wind system in a direct-drive connection. Power extraction is obtained by controlling the duty cycle of a Multilevel Boost Converter, which directly varies the rotational speed of a permanent magnet synchronous generator directly coupled to a three-phase induction motor that emulates the wind turbine. The system’s complexity is linked to the inherent non-linearities associated with the diverse electrical, mechanical, and power electronic elements. In order to present a synthesized model without losing the system dynamic richness, several physical tests were made to obtain parameters for building several mathematical approaches, resulting in non-linear dynamic equations for the controller gains, which are dependant on wind speed. Thirty real operational wind speeds considering typical variations were used in several tests to demonstrate the mathematical models’ performance. Results among these gain scheduling approaches and a typical controller constant gains mathematical model were compared based on standard deviations, absolute error, and the time for reaching the optimum generator angular speed related to every wind speed.

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State of the art perturb and observe MPPT algorithms based wind energy conversion systems: A technology review

Cited by 139 publications

References 206 publications

Robust Adaptive HCS MPPT Algorithm-Based Wind Generation System Using Model Reference Adaptive Control

Robust Adaptive HCS MPPT Algorithm-Based Wind Generation System Using Model Reference Adaptive Control

Robust MPPT Observer-Based Control System for Wind Energy Conversion System With Uncertainties and Disturbance

Wind Power Extraction Optimization by Dynamic Gain Scheduling Approximation Based on Non-Linear Functions for a WECS Based on a PMSG

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